2016年-世界发展银行全球_World_Development_Indicators_2016_180页_7mb

World Development Indicators 2016 Summary

Core Content

World Development Indicators (WDI) 2016 is a comprehensive compilation of cross-country comparable data on development, published by the World Bank. It includes over 1,300 time series indicators for 214 economies and more than 30 country groups, with data going back more than 50 years in many cases. The report is structured into six main sections: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links.

Main Goals and Themes

The report aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a set of 17 global goals and 169 targets agreed upon by 193 countries in September 2015. These goals aim to guide global action over the next 15 years, building on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and expanding their scope to include a broader range of issues such as poverty eradication, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water, energy, climate action, and more.

Key indicators are selected for each of the 17 SDGs to track progress and highlight challenges, and the report includes interactive dashboards at http://data.worldbank.org/sdgs for visualizing trends by country, region, and income level.

Regional Classification

The report categorizes countries into six major regions:

• East Asia and Pacific: Includes countries such as China, Japan, Indonesia, and others.
• Europe and Central Asia: Includes all European countries and some Central Asian states, with a focus on Euro area members.
• Latin America and the Caribbean: Covers a wide range of countries in the region, including Brazil, Mexico, and the Caribbean islands.
• Middle East and North Africa: Includes countries such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and others.
• North America: Comprises the United States, Canada, and Bermuda.
• Sub-Saharan Africa: Includes all countries in Africa south of the Sahara, such as Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa.

The classification has shifted from previous editions, removing the distinction between developing and developed countries, and instead grouping countries based on geographical regions. Aggregates for these regions now include all economies, unless otherwise noted.

Key Changes and Features

• New Indicators: The report includes new indicators to reflect the 169 targets of the SDGs.
• Data Presentation: The report introduces a more integrated approach to presenting global and regional aggregates, with a focus on improving data accuracy, timeliness, and disaggregation.
• Collaborative Effort: The data are sourced from a wide range of international and government agencies, as well as private and non-governmental organizations. These include the World Health Organization, the United Nations, Eurostat, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and others.
• Online Resources: The WDI provides access to online tables, a mobile app, and an interactive dashboard for SDGs at http://data.worldbank.org/products/wdi.

Data and Methodology

• Data Sources: The data are collected from national statistical offices and international organizations. The report also includes a detailed section on sources and methods, summarizing efforts to improve basic data collection and providing technical information on calculations.
• Classification Criteria: Economies are classified based on GNI per capita (using the World Bank Atlas method). Income groups are categorized as:
  • Low-income: $1,045 or less
  • Lower middle-income: $1,046–$4,125
  • Upper middle-income: $4,126–$12,735
  • High-income: $12,736 or more
• Data Conventions: The report uses specific symbols to denote data availability, such as:
  • .. for data not available
  • 0 or < for values below the displayed decimal places
  • / in dates to indicate periods that span two calendar years
  • $ for current U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted

Acknowledgments

The report is the result of a collaborative effort involving numerous teams and individuals from the World Bank, including the Development Economics Data Group, and contributions from various units such as Agriculture, Education, Health, and Climate Change. It also acknowledges the support of external partners and organizations that provided data and expertise.

Conclusion

World Development Indicators 2016 is a critical resource for tracking global development progress, especially in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. It reflects the World Bank's commitment to improving data quality and accessibility, and it plays a key role in informing policy and decision-making at both national and international levels.