2016年-WEF世界经济论坛_Health_Systems_Leapfrogging_in_Emerging_Economies_28页_2mb

Summary of Health Systems Leapfrogging in Emerging Economies

Core Content

This report explores the concept of health systems leapfrogging in emerging economies, emphasizing the need to redefine traditional health system development through innovation and ecosystem-based partnerships. It outlines a three-year journey that has identified key strategies and models to enable sustainable, high-quality healthcare access while avoiding the pitfalls of conventional public-private partnerships (PPPs).

Main Viewpoints

• Leapfrogging is the idea that emerging economies can bypass outdated stages of health system development by leveraging innovative solutions and collaborative ecosystems rather than simply replicating the systems of developed countries.
• The traditional approach to PPPs is often transactional and task-focused, which limits innovation and leads to inefficiency, mistrust, and lack of long-term impact.
• A new ecosystem approach is proposed, which shifts the focus from task-based to outcome-based partnerships, involving a wide range of stakeholders to redefine and transform health systems.
• This approach allows for collective design, shared vision, and synergistic innovation that can be scaled and sustained.

Key Information

1. The Need for Leapfrogging

• Emerging economies face dual burdens of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
• Traditional methods of addressing these challenges are costly and inefficient.
• The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development requires more funding and more effective solutions.

2. The Triple Opportunity

• Disruptive technologies, alternative operating models, and behavior change initiatives are available to support leapfrogging.
• Emerging economies have increased investment in health, with a projected 33% share of global health expenditures by 2024.
• These economies have lower sunk costs, weaker vested interests, and less divided public opinion, making them well-suited for innovative approaches.

3. The Ecosystem Approach

• The ecosystem model encourages collaboration among public, private, and civil society stakeholders.
• It is outcome-focused, aiming to reduce maternal mortality, improve access, and increase efficiency.
• The approach redefines governance, workforce, and incentives to align with innovation and system transformation.

4. The Pitfalls of Traditional PPPs

• Traditional PPPs often focus on tasks, not outcomes, leading to inefficiency, mistrust, and lack of sustainability.
• They may fail to consider long-term implications, leading to cost overruns and unintended consequences.
• The UK and other developed countries have questioned the value of traditional PPPs due to mixed results and lack of transparency.

5. Case Studies and Progress

• In Nigeria, the Ogun State program is projected to provide health coverage to 100,000 people by 2018.
• In Kenya, the RMNCAH 6 County program targets maternal health and is expected to reach 3.5 million women and children by 2020.
• These initiatives demonstrate the potential of the ecosystem model to drive systemic change and improve health outcomes.

Three Principles of the Ecosystem Approach

1. Collective Design of Smart and Holistic Solutions

   • Stakeholders collaborate to define health priorities and desired outcomes.
   • This approach enables cross-cutting innovation and system-wide transformation.

2. Shared Vision and Governance

   • A common goal is established, with clear expectations and mutual accountability.
   • Governance structures are revised to reflect new realities and innovation-driven models.

3. Leveraging Diverse Stakeholder Capabilities

   • Each stakeholder contributes unique skills and resources.
   • This includes financial support, technological expertise, local knowledge, and regulatory power.

Four Ecosystem Models for Health

1. Mobile Health Wallets (e.g., M-Tiba in Kenya)

   • Enable financial inclusion and health payment innovation.
   • Provide transparency and accessibility to healthcare services.

2. Integrated Health Services

   • Combine preventive care, treatment, and community engagement.
   • Focus on holistic solutions that address multiple health challenges.

3. Public-Private Health Innovation Platforms

   • Facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing.
   • Support scaling and sustainability of innovations.

4. Data-Driven Health Ecosystems

   • Use data management and technology integration to improve decision-making and service delivery.

A New Mindset for Ecosystems

• The ecosystem mindset is not just about collaboration, but about co-creation and shared success.
• It requires flexibility, adaptability, and alignment of incentives.
• The goal is to create sustainable, inclusive, and high-quality health systems that serve all populations.

Conclusion

• The ecosystem approach offers a new paradigm for health system transformation in emerging economies.
• It is more sustainable, cost-effective, and innovative than traditional PPPs.
• The World Economic Forum and BCG emphasize the importance of collaboration, shared vision, and outcome-based strategies to achieve global health goals.