2014年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2015___Latvia_91页_1mb

Doing Business 2015 - Latvia Summary

Core Content

The Doing Business 2015 report evaluates the regulatory environment for small to medium-sized businesses across 189 economies, including Latvia. It provides a comprehensive analysis of 11 key areas in the business life cycle, such as starting a business, getting electricity, registering property, and resolving insolvency. The report uses two main metrics: the Distance to Frontier (DTF) score and the Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) ranking.

Key Methodological Changes in Doing Business 2015

• Ranking and DTF Score Calculation: The EoDB ranking and all topic-level rankings are now based on DTF scores, which measure the absolute distance to the best performance in each indicator.
• Additional Data for Large Economies: For 11 economies with over 100 million people, data for a second city were added to the dataset.
• Revised Methodology for Getting Credit: The strength of legal rights index and depth of credit information index were expanded from 10 to 12 points and 6 to 8 points respectively. Only credit bureaus covering at least 5% of the adult population can score on the depth index.
• Renaming and Expanding Indicators: The indicator set "Protecting Investors" was renamed to "Protecting Minority Investors" and expanded to include corporate governance aspects. The "Resolving Insolvency" indicator now includes a measure of the legal framework strength.
• Nonlinear Tax Rate Calculation: The DTF score for paying taxes now uses a nonlinear approach for the total tax rate component.
• Labor Market Regulation: The indicator set "Employing Workers" was renamed to "Labor Market Regulation," focusing on the retail sector and including regulations on labor disputes and worker benefits.

Key Findings for Latvia

Ease of Doing Business Ranking

• DB2015 Rank: 23
• DB2014 Rank: 21*
• Change in Rank: -2
• DTF Score (2015): 76.7
• DTF Score (2014): 76.6
• Change in DTF: +0.1

Note: DB2014 ranking is a comparable ranking that accounts for data corrections and methodological changes.

Performance on Key Topics

Detailed Metrics

Starting a Business

• Procedures: 4.0 (same in 2014)
• Time (days): 12.5 (same in 2014)
• Cost (% of income per capita): 3.6 (2015) / 1.9 (2014)

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Procedures: 12.0 (same in 2014)
• Time (days): 149.0 (same in 2014)
• Cost (% of warehouse value): 0.3 (same in 2014)

Getting Electricity

• Procedures: 5.0 (same in 2014)
• Time (days): 108.0 (same in 2014)
• Cost (% of income per capita): 308.2 (2015) / 326.1 (2014)

Registering Property

• Procedures: 5.0 (same in 2014)
• Time (days): 18.0 (same in 2014)
• Cost (% of property value): 2.0 (same in 2014)

Getting Credit

• Strength of Legal Rights Index: 9 (same in 2014)
• Depth of Credit Information Index: 5 (same in 2014)
• Credit Bureau Coverage (% of adults): 0.0 (same in 2014)
• Credit Registry Coverage (% of adults): 76.8 (2015) / 73.6 (2014)

Protecting Minority Investors

• Extent of Conflict of Interest Regulation Index: 5.7 (same in 2014)
• Extent of Shareholder Governance Index: 6.3 (same in 2014)
• Strength of Minority Investor Protection Index: 6.0 (same in 2014)

Paying Taxes

• Number of Payments (per year): 7.0 (same in 2014)
• Time (hours per year): 193.0 (2015) / 224.0 (2014)
• Cost (% of income per capita): 15,280 (GNI per capita)

Trading Across Borders

• Documents to Export: 5 (same in 2014)
• Time to Export (days): 10.0 (same in 2014)
• Cost to Export (US$ per container): 600.0 (same in 2014)
• Documents to Import: 5 (same in 2014)
• Time to Import (days): 11.0 (same in 2014)
• Cost to Import (US$ per container): 801.0 (same in 2014)

Enforcing Contracts

• Time (days): 469.0 (same in 2014)
• Cost (% of claim): 23.1 (same in 2014)
• Procedures: 27.0 (same in 2014)

Resolving Insolvency

• Time (years): 1.5 (2015) / 1.0 (2014)
• Cost (% of estate): 10.0 (same in 2014)
• Recovery Rate (cents on the dollar): 48.2 (2015) / 48.4 (2014)
• Strength of Insolvency Framework Index: 12.0 (same in 2014)

Key Observations

• Latvia maintains a relatively high ranking in the EoDB index (23rd in 2015), slightly declining from 21st in 2014.
• The DTF score for Latvia is 76.7, indicating it is close to the best practices in most areas.
• Starting a Business is one of the easier processes, with only 4 procedures and a cost of 3.6% of income per capita.
• Registering Property is also efficient, with 5 procedures and a cost of 2.0% of property value.
• Getting Credit remains a challenge, with a DTF score of 70.00 and no credit bureau coverage.
• Paying Taxes is a strong area for Latvia, with a DTF score of 86.19 and a relatively low time of 193 hours per year.
• Trading Across Borders is moderately efficient, with a DTF score of 85.36.
• Enforcing Contracts is a challenge, with a DTF score of 75.59 and a high cost of 23.1% of the claim.
• Resolving Insolvency is a significant area for improvement, with a DTF score of 63.42 and a recovery rate of 48.2 cents on the dollar.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2015 report highlights that Latvia has a relatively favorable business environment, particularly in areas such as starting a business and paying taxes. However, it still faces challenges in credit accessibility, contract enforcement, and insolvency resolution. The report serves as a valuable tool for policymakers to identify regulatory improvements and benchmark performance against other economies.