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Summary of Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2014

Core Content

The document provides an overview of international arms transfers from 2005–2009 to 2010–2014, highlighting significant changes in the volume and direction of arms trade. It uses data from the SIPRI Arms Transfers Database, which tracks major weapons transfers since 1950. The analysis is based on a five-year moving average to provide a stable measure of trends, and it includes information on the top exporters and importers, regional trends, and notable cases of arms transfers.

Main Exporters and Importers

Top Exporters (2010–2014)

• The United States was the largest arms exporter, accounting for 31% of global arms exports.
• Russia ranked second with 27%.
• China rose to third place, surpassing Germany and France, with a 143% increase in exports compared to 2005–2009.
• Germany and France were the fourth and fifth largest exporters, respectively, but their shares dropped compared to earlier years.
• United Kingdom remained in the top 5, but its position declined.

Total share of top 5 exporters: 74% of all arms exports.

Top Importers (2010–2014)

• India was the largest importer, receiving 15% of global arms imports.
• Saudi Arabia was the second largest, with 5% of global imports.
• China, UAE and Pakistan were the third to fifth largest importers, collectively accounting for 33% of all arms imports.

Regional Trends

• Asia and Oceania was the largest recipient region, accounting for 48% of global arms imports in 2010–2014.
• Middle East received 22%, Europe 12%, Americas 10%, and Africa 9%.
• Africa saw a 45% increase in arms imports between 2005–2009 and 2010–2014.
• Americas had a 7% increase in arms imports.
• Europe experienced a 36% decrease in arms imports.
• Asia and Oceania had a 37% increase in arms imports.

Key Exporters and Importers

Notable Trends

• The USA and Russia together supplied 58% of all arms exports in 2010–2014.
• China significantly increased its arms exports, becoming the third-largest supplier, with a 143% rise.
• Germany saw a 43% decrease in arms exports, while France had a 27% decrease.
• Algeria and Morocco were the largest arms importers in Africa, with Morocco's imports increasing 11-fold.
• India was the largest arms importer globally, with 140% increase in imports.
• Saudi Arabia became the second-largest importer, with a 4-fold increase.
• Nigeria and Cameroon increased arms imports to combat Boko Haram.
• Azerbaijan saw a 249% increase in arms imports, mainly from Russia.
• Iraq received a significant number of arms, including over 10,000 armoured vehicles from the USA, despite challenges from ISIS.

Special Cases

• UAVs: The number of UAV transfers grew significantly, with Israel and the USA as the main suppliers. Armed UAVs were only sold to the UK and Nigeria.
• Ballistic missile defence systems: Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and UAE imported or ordered systems like Patriot PAC-3 and THAAD from the USA.
• Combat aircraft: Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Thailand, Australia and South Korea increased their procurement of advanced combat aircraft.
• Arms exports to countries in internal conflict: Egypt received some arms from the USA after a period of restrictions, and Iraq continued to receive weapons from various sources, including Russia.

Conclusion

The period from 2010–2014 saw a 16% increase in global arms transfers compared to 2005–2009. The USA and Russia dominated the arms export market, while China emerged as a significant new player. India was the largest importer, followed by Saudi Arabia and China, with Asia and Oceania being the main recipient region. The Middle East and Africa saw substantial increases in arms imports, while Europe experienced a decline. The SIPRI Arms Transfers Database is a key resource for tracking these trends and understanding the global arms trade dynamics.