斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所-Trends-in-international-arms-transfers-2015_8页_399kb

Summary of Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2015

Core Content

The SIPRI Arms Transfers Database, updated in February 2016, provides comprehensive data on international arms transfers from 1950 to 2015. The report highlights significant changes in arms transfers between the periods 2006–10 and 2011–15, focusing on major exporters, importers, and regional trends.

Main Exporters (2011–15)

The top five arms exporters in 2011–15 were:

• United States: 33% of global arms exports, up 27% from 2006–10. Delivered to 96 states, with the largest recipients being Saudi Arabia (9.7%) and the UAE (9.1%).
• Russia: 25% of global arms exports, up 28% from 2006–10. Major clients included India (39%), China (11%), and Viet Nam (11%). Russia’s exports to Europe increased by 264% due to deliveries to Azerbaijan.
• China: 5.9% of global arms exports, up 88% from 2006–10. Main recipients were Pakistan (35%), Bangladesh (20%), and Myanmar (16%). China's exports to Asia and Oceania grew by 139%.
• France: 5.6% of global arms exports, down 9.8% from 2006–10. Main clients were Morocco (16%), China (13%), and Egypt (9.5%).
• Germany: 4.7% of global arms exports, down 51% from 2006–10. Main clients were the USA (13%), Israel (11%), and Greece (10%).

Main Importers (2011–15)

The top five arms importers in 2011–15 were:

• India: 14% of global arms imports, up 90% from 2006–10. Russia supplied 70% of its arms, followed by the USA (14%) and Israel (4.5%).
• Saudi Arabia: 7.0% of global arms imports, up 275% from 2006–10. The USA was its main supplier (46%).
• China: 4.7% of global arms imports, down from 7.1% in 2006–10. Russia (59%) and France (15%) were its main suppliers.
• UAE: 4.6% of global arms imports, up 35% from 2006–10. The USA supplied 65% of its arms.
• Australia: 3.6% of global arms imports, up slightly from 3.3% in 2006–10. The USA supplied 57% of its arms.

Regional Trends

• Asia and Oceania: Accounted for 46% of global arms imports in 2011–15, up from 42% in 2006–10. India, China, Pakistan, Viet Nam, and South Korea were the main importers.
• Middle East: Arms imports increased by 61% between 2006–10 and 2011–15. Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Turkey were the largest recipients.
• Europe: Arms imports fell by 41%, with Azerbaijan being the largest importer (217% increase since 2006–10). The UK and Greece were also notable importers.
• Africa: Arms imports increased by 19%. Algeria (30%) and Morocco (26%) were the largest importers. Russia accounted for 34% of arms exports to the region.
• Americas: Arms imports decreased by 6%. The USA was the largest importer in the region, followed by Russia (16%) and Germany (10%). Mexico saw a 331% increase in imports due to its war against drug cartels.

Key Trends

• Growth in exports: The USA, Russia, and China saw significant increases in arms exports (27%, 28%, and 88% respectively).
• Shift in export rankings: China moved up to third place, surpassing France and Germany, while France and Germany saw declines.
• Import diversification: India, China, and the UAE remained top importers, with Russia becoming a more prominent supplier to India and China.
• Role of the USA: The USA was the largest supplier to multiple regions, including the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas.
• Emerging markets: Viet Nam and Mexico saw dramatic increases in arms imports, with Viet Nam’s imports rising by 699%.
• Military modernization: Poland and Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) initiated or continued military modernization programs in response to perceived threats from Russia.
• Arms for conflict: The Middle East and Africa saw arms transfers linked to military campaigns, such as the coalition in Yemen and the Boko Haram campaign in West Africa.

Additional Information

• The SIPRI trend-indicator value (TIV) is used to measure the volume of arms transfers, with data presented as 5-year moving averages to reduce annual fluctuations.
• The report notes that the volume of arms transfers between 2011–15 was 14% higher than in 2006–10.
• Rebel groups in the Middle East and Africa also imported arms, though they accounted for less than 0.02% of total deliveries.
• The SIPRI Arms Transfers Database is the only publicly available resource providing consistent data on arms transfers for over 60 years.

Conclusion

The report outlines a global trend of increasing arms transfers, particularly in Asia and Oceania, with the USA, Russia, and China as the dominant exporters. It also highlights the growing military capabilities of several regions and the role of arms in conflict and security strategies. The data underscores the importance of understanding arms flows for promoting peace and stability.