2014年-世界发展银行全球_Investing_in_Natural_Capital_for_Eradicating_Extreme_Poverty_and_Boosting_Shared_Prosperity___A_Biodiversity_Roadmap_for_the_WBG_48页_4mb

Summary of "Investing in Natural Capital for Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Boosting Shared Prosperity"

Core Content

This document outlines a Biodiversity Roadmap for the World Bank Group (WBG), emphasizing the critical role of biodiversity and natural capital in achieving the WBG's twin goals: eradicating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. It highlights the importance of ecosystem services and natural infrastructure in supporting livelihoods, enhancing resilience, and promoting sustainable economic growth.

Main Points

Biodiversity and Poverty Reduction

• 70% of the world's poor live in rural areas, where biodiversity and healthy ecosystems are vital for their livelihoods, well-being, and safety nets.
• Biodiversity provides environmental income that is crucial for low-income households, with 28% of total household income coming from natural ecosystems.
• Natural capital (soil, water, flora, fauna) underpins conventionally measured economic growth and human well-being.
• Ecosystem services such as pollination, water regulation, and climate resilience are essential for agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.
• Insect pollination alone contributes US$209 billion to global food production, or 9.5% of the total agricultural value.
• Protected areas and natural infrastructure help sustain ecosystems and reduce environmental risks.

Biodiversity and Climate Change

• Biodiversity and healthy ecosystems are key to climate change adaptation and mitigation.
• Ecosystem-based adaptation and mitigation are vital to combat climate change, as they offer cost-effective solutions and resilience.
• Land use change and deforestation contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for ~25% of global emissions.
• Wetlands and forests store large amounts of soil organic carbon and biomass carbon, respectively.
• Healthy oceans contribute US$190 billion to global seafood supply and 16% of global animal protein consumption.

WBG's Role and Added Value

• The WBG has been the largest funder of biodiversity investments since the late 1980s.
• It has administered 60% of global biodiversity-related funding since the 1980s, including US$1 billion in biodiversity commitments from FY04 to FY13.
• The WBG offers comparative advantage through client focus, scale, and long-term engagement, as well as financial leverage and convening power.
• It can leverage substantial funding and develop innovative financial mechanisms, such as payment for ecosystem services (PES) and convening donor networks.

Key Investment Areas

The WBG will focus its biodiversity investments on four key areas to maximize impact:

1. Addressing Policy Failures

   • Reforming policies that lead to biodiversity depletion without poverty alleviation.
   • Designing new financing instruments and economic incentives to promote sustainability.

2. Enhancing Environmental Governance and Public Sector Capacity

   • Strengthening governance structures and public sector capacity.
   • Supporting participatory forest management and law enforcement in protected areas.

3. Building Resilience through Natural Infrastructure

   • Investing in natural infrastructure (forests, wetlands, watersheds) to enhance ecosystem health and resilience.
   • These investments support climate resilience, water security, and flood protection in vulnerable regions.

4. Generating Financial Flows

   • Leveraging innovative finance mechanisms and partnerships to mobilize funding.
   • Encouraging private sector investment through biodiversity projects.

Institutional Steps for Implementation

To support these investments, the WBG proposes:

• Mainstreaming biodiversity across all sectors.
• Engaging upstream in investment planning to ensure early consideration of biodiversity.
• Leveraging knowledge and skills across the entire WBG to deliver sustainable outcomes.

Co-Benefits and Success Stories

• Biodiversity-friendly projects can generate jobs and raise incomes in rural communities.

• For example, in South Africa, a US$5.5 million investment led to US$14.5 million in private investment and 614 jobs.

• In Zambia, private investors tripled accommodations in Kafue National Park, resulting in tenfold revenue growth.

• In Namibia, nature-based tourism provides ~5% of all jobs directly and ~19% indirectly.

• Project design that integrates biodiversity can improve the performance of infrastructure investments.

• The Nam Theun 2 dam project in Laos extended the lifespan of the hydropower facility through biodiversity protection and watershed conservation.

Conclusion

The WBG's biodiversity roadmap is a strategic approach to align investments with the twin goals of poverty reduction and shared prosperity. It underscores the importance of natural capital and ecosystem services in driving sustainable development, climate resilience, and inclusive growth. By realigning its investment portfolio, the WBG can leverage its expertise and resources to support countries in achieving environmental and economic sustainability.