2014年-IMF国际货币组织全球_The_Kyrgyz_Republic_Poverty_Reduction_Strategy_Paper_158页_996kb

Kyrgyz Republic Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Summary (August 2014)

Core Content

The document outlines the Kyrgyz Republic Sustainable Development Program 2013-2017, which is a strategic framework aimed at transitioning the country to a sustainable development model. This model emphasizes systemacy, comprehensiveness, and balance in development, placing human development and human capital at the center of national priorities. The program is part of a broader Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, which was prepared in consultation with stakeholders and development partners such as the World Bank and IMF.

Main Viewpoints

• Sustainable Development as a Priority: The Kyrgyz Republic has officially declared a sustainable development-oriented policy, driven by the need to address high poverty levels, especially in rural areas, and limited natural and financial resources.
• Economic Growth and Challenges: From 2008 to 2012, the country experienced an average real GDP growth of 99.1%, but faced challenges such as inflation (10.5%), unemployment (8.4%), and external debt (46.9% of GDP). Despite these, the government managed to reduce the budget deficit and maintain macroeconomic stability.
• Social Development: Government spending on education, health, and social welfare increased from 5.2% to 7.1% of GDP, 2.4% to 3.7% of GDP, and 2.5% to 5.7% of GDP, respectively. However, social benefits remain low, with average monthly benefits at 13% of the living wage.
• Environmental Sustainability: The program emphasizes the integration of environmental factors into development policies, recognizing the risk of natural resource depletion and environmental degradation. The country's hydrological resources are a key strength, but water loss in transportation was 23% during 2006-2010, and agriculture is a major consumer of water with low efficiency and high environmental impact.
• Transition to Sustainable Development: The program includes five new components:
  1. Economic, social, and environmental policy measures.
  2. Comprehensive and balanced public administration.
  3. Human development policies with specific commitments to improve living standards.
  4. Cross-sectoral segments of government services to address complex issues.
  5. Regional sustainable development with a focus on specialization, trade, and cooperation.

Key Information

Economic Performance (2008-2012)

• GDP real growth: 108.4% in 2008, 102.9% in 2009, 99.5% in 2010, 106.0% in 2011, and 99.1% in 2012.
• Inflation: 20.0% in 2008, 0.0% in 2009, 19.2% in 2010, 5.7% in 2011, and 7.5% in 2012.
• Unemployment: Ranged between 8.2% and 8.6% over the period, with an average of 8.4%.
• National budget income: Reached 26.9% of GDP in 2012, an increase of 4.6% compared to 2004-2008.
• National budget expenditure: Increased to 35.2% of GDP in 2012, with an average annual growth of 24.7%.
• External debt: Stabilized at 46.9% of GDP, significantly below the 80% threshold.
• Pension growth: Increased threefold from 2008 to 2012, reaching 4,208 soms, and the ratio of pension to living wage improved from 45.7% to 110%.

Social and Environmental Priorities

• Education and Health: Significant progress in government financing, but wages and benefits remain low.
• Water Resources: A key natural resource, with 93% of water used for agriculture and 23% loss in transportation.
• Agriculture: Characterized by inefficiency and environmental impact, with degraded lands increasing.
• Energy Efficiency: Urgent due to a forecasted power deficit of 5 billion kW/h and the need for sustainable energy sources.

Government Actions

• National Council for Sustainable Development: Established in November 2012, led by the President, to coordinate efforts across state, private, and civil society sectors.
• National Sustainable Development Strategy: Approved in January 2013, outlining 78 major investment projects.
• Public Administration Reforms: Aimed at reducing government interference and improving institutional capacity.
• Investment Policy: Focus on protecting property rights and attracting domestic and international investors.

Conclusion

The Kyrgyz Republic Sustainable Development Program 2013-2017 represents a strategic shift towards a sustainable model of development, emphasizing human capital, environmental protection, and economic diversification. It aims to improve governance, enhance social services, and promote regional development. The program is designed to achieve long-term stability and economic growth while addressing current challenges such as poverty, environmental degradation, and economic vulnerability.