2003年-世界发展银行全球_Sudan_-_Stabilization_and_Reconstruction___Country_Economic_Memorandum_Volume_2_Statistical_Appendices_112页_3mb

Sudan Stabilization and Reconstruction Country Economic Memorandum - Summary

Core Content

This document provides statistical appendices related to Sudan's economic and social conditions, focusing on various sectors such as Demography and Health, Education, National Accounts, Balance of Payments and Trade, Debt, Government Finance, Monetary, Agriculture, Industry, and Prices. The data is compiled to support the analysis and planning for stabilization and reconstruction efforts in Sudan.

Main Points

Demography and Health

• Population Overview (2001): Sudan's total population was 31,913,000 with an annual growth rate of 2.63% from 1998 to 2003. About 34.5% of the population lived in urban areas, and 42.91% were under the age of 15.
• Literacy Rate: The overall literacy rate was 53.4%, with a male literacy rate of 66% and a female literacy rate of 40.8%.
• Mortality Rates: The crude birth rate was 37.8%, and the crude death rate was 11.5% from 1998 to 2003. The infant mortality rate was 134 per 1,000 live births for males and 115 for females in 1993. Life expectancy at birth was 52.5 years for males and 55.5 for females.
• Regional Variations: There were notable differences in population distribution, urbanization rates, and health indicators across different regions. For instance, the Red Sea region had a higher sex ratio (116.1 males per 100 females), while the Blue Nile region had the lowest male literacy rate (31.3%).

Education

• Enrollment Ratios: Gross and net enrollment ratios in basic education varied across the country. The overall literacy rate was 53.4%, with significant disparities between males and females.
• School Conditions: In southern Sudan, the condition of schools and enrollment rates were generally lower compared to the north, with a notable gender gap in education.
• University Enrollment: Government universities had varying levels of enrollment and teaching staff, with the distribution of students by educational level (ISCED) indicating a focus on certain fields of study.

National Accounts

• GDP by Sector: The GDP was divided among different economic sectors, with the agricultural and industrial sectors being significant contributors.
• GDP at Constant Prices: The GDP was analyzed using 1981/82 constant prices, showing changes in annual growth and sectoral contributions.
• Fixed Capital Formation: There were data on fixed capital formation by economic activities and types of capital goods, indicating the investment trends and their shares in the GDP.

Balance of Payments and Trade

• Trade Data: The document includes details on merchandise exports and imports, as well as the terms of trade, showing the economic relationships with other countries.
• External Reserves: The level of external reserves was reported, indicating the country's ability to meet its external obligations.

Debt

• External Debt: The country's external debt was detailed, including long-term debt disbursements and un-disbursed debt.
• Debt Service Payments: The debt service payments to different creditors were outlined, along with average terms of new commitments and net flows related to debt and debt service.

Government Finance

• Federal Budget: The federal government budget and revenue were analyzed, with data on the actual performance of states' expenditure and revenue.
• Fiscal Components: Major fiscal components were presented as a ratio of GDP, highlighting the proportion of government spending in different economic areas.
• Poverty Reduction Program: The Poverty Reduction Program was detailed, along with the growth of various sources of Zakat, which is a form of almsgiving in Islamic contexts.

Monetary

• Monetary Survey: Data on the monetary survey and the financial position of the Bank of Sudan and commercial banks were included.
• Lending by Sector: The lending activities of commercial banks were categorized by economic sectors.
• Exchange Rates: Exchange rate movements from 1968 to 2001 were provided, indicating the stability or fluctuations in the Sudanese Dinar.

Agriculture

• Crops and Livestock: The area cultivated for major crops, production levels, and yields were detailed, along with livestock statistics and production of livestock products.
• Irrigation Schemes: The Gezira Irrigation Scheme showed a comparison between potential, research, and farmer yields, highlighting the need for improved agricultural practices.

Industry

• Industrial Production: Industrial production and average capacity utilization were reported, with data on value added in selected industries.
• Energy and Electricity: The Sudanese National Electricity Corporation provided a summary table and tariffs for electricity consumers, indicating the state of the energy sector.

Prices

• Consumer and Wholesale Price Indices: The Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Wholesale Price Indices (WPI) for selected commodities were included, along with specific data for Khartoum state in 2001.

Key Information

• Demographic and Health: The data highlights significant challenges in health indicators, particularly in southern Sudan, where infant and child mortality rates were higher than in the north.
• Education: The literacy rate and enrollment data show disparities between urban and rural areas, with a notable gender gap in education.
• Economic Indicators: The GDP data and fixed capital formation provide insights into the economic structure and investment trends.
• Trade and Debt: The balance of payments and debt data indicate the country's economic relationships and financial obligations.
• Government Finance: The federal and state financial performance, along with the Poverty Reduction Program, highlight the government's fiscal policies and efforts to address poverty.
• Monetary and Agricultural Data: The monetary survey and agricultural production data provide a comprehensive view of the economic and agricultural status of Sudan.
• Industrial and Price Trends: The industrial production and price indices offer a picture of the industrial and consumer price trends, which are crucial for economic planning and policy-making.

Conclusion

The statistical appendices in this document provide a detailed overview of Sudan's economic and social conditions, which are essential for understanding the country's challenges and opportunities in the context of stabilization and reconstruction. The data is regionally specific and covers various aspects from demographics and health to education, government finance, and industry, offering a multidimensional perspective on Sudan's economic landscape.