2000年-世界发展银行全球_Turkey_-_Country_Economic_Memorandum___Structural_Reforms_for_Sustainable_Growth_Volume_2_Statistical_Annex_42页_1mb

Turkey Country Economic Memorandum: Structural Reforms for Sustainable Growth - Summary

Core Content

This document is a Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) for Turkey, focusing on structural reforms for sustainable growth. It is divided into two volumes, with Volume II being the Statistical Annex, which provides detailed data on the country's economic performance and structure from 1990 to 1999.

Key Information and Main Points

Currency and Exchange Rates

• The Turkish Lira (TL) is the currency unit.
• Exchange Rate (as of September 15, 2000):
  • 1 TL = US$ 0.0000015
  • 1 US$ = TL 668,229

Government Fiscal Year

• The fiscal year runs from January 1 to December 31.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

• A list of key economic and institutional abbreviations is provided, such as:
  • AMS: Aggregate Measure of Support
  • PSE: Producer Subsidy Equivalent
  • SIS: State Institute of Statistics
  • SOE: State Owned Enterprises
  • WTO: World Trade Organization
  • VAT: Value Added Tax

Statistical Annex Overview

Table 1: Gross National Product (GNP) by Sector (in billion TL at current prices, 1990-1999)

• Agriculture and Farming show significant growth, especially in later years.
• Services is the largest sector, with the highest GNP at market prices.
• Electricity, gas and water and Government services also show increasing values over the period.
• GDP at market prices is consistently higher than GDP at factor prices due to indirect taxes and subsidies.

Table 1a: GNP by Sector (% shares, 1990-1999)

• Services dominates the economy, accounting for over 52% of GNP in 1990 and increasing to 57.3% in 1999.
• Agriculture and Farming remain important but have fluctuating shares.
• Government services have a smaller but growing share, increasing from 8.2% to 11.2%.
• Indirect Taxes increase as a percentage of GNP, reaching 12.9% in 1999.
• Subsidies fluctuate, peaking at 14.1% in 1996.

Table 2: GNP by Sector (in TL billions at 1987 prices, 1990-1999)

• The real value of GNP is shown, with Agriculture and Farming showing varied growth rates.
• Services and Commerce are the most significant contributors to real GNP.
• Manufacturing and Electricity, gas and water show growth, while Construction and Liberal professions have relatively stable or declining values.

Table 2a: Growth Rates of GNP by Sector (at 1987 prices, 1990-1999)

• Services and Commerce exhibit the highest growth rates, with Services growing by over 90% from 1990 to 1999.
• Indirect Taxes and Subsidies show high variability, with Subsidies increasing significantly in 1992.
• Net Factor Income from Abroad fluctuates, but shows a positive trend in some years.

Table 3: Macroeconomic Balances (in trillion TL at current prices, 1990-1999)

• GNP increases substantially over the period, from 397.2 to 78,242.5 trillion TL.
• Foreign deficit fluctuates, reaching 2,359.6 trillion TL in 1999.
• Total resources (absorption) and Total investment also grow, with Total investment increasing from 100.2 to 18,324.4 trillion TL.
• Public investment rises significantly, from 34.3 to 5,052.1 trillion TL.
• Private savings-investment gap increases, showing a shift in economic structure.

Table 3a: Macroeconomic Balances (in percent of GNP, 1990-1999)

• Total investment is around 23-25% of GNP, with some fluctuations.
• Fixed capital formation remains stable at 22-26%.
• Public savings rate fluctuates, peaking at 25.5% in 1990 and dropping to -96.5% in 1999.
• Private savings ratio increases from 21.5% to 28.9%, indicating a growing role of private savings in the economy.

Conclusion

The Statistical Annex provides comprehensive data on Turkey's economic performance from 1990 to 1999, highlighting the growth of the services sector, the role of public and private investment, and the fluctuations in the balance of payments and savings rates. These data support the broader Country Economic Memorandum which emphasizes the need for structural reforms to ensure sustainable growth and economic stability. The services sector emerges as the most dynamic and significant contributor to the economy, while public investment and savings rates show substantial variation, indicating the need for policy adjustments to manage economic imbalances.