2015-09-27-皮尤-Modern_Immigration_Wave_Brings_59_Million_to_U.S._128页_2mb

Below is a summary of the key findings from the report "Modern Immigration Wave Brings 59 Million to U.S., Driving Population Growth and Change Through 2065." This summary highlights the demographic, economic, and social impacts of immigration since the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act.

1. Population Growth Driven by Immigration

• Since 1965, immigration has nearly quadrupled, adding 59 million foreign-born residents.
• Immigrants and their descendants account for over 55% of U.S. population growth from 1965 to 2015.
• By 2065, immigrants are projected to make up 18% of the U.S. population (up from 14% in 2015), and their descendants are projected to reach 36%.
• Future growth will be dominated by Asian and Hispanic immigrants, contributing to a multiracial America with no single demographic majority.

2. Shift in Immigration Origins

• The 1965 Act ended national-origin quotas, leading to a shift from European to Latin American and Asian immigration.
• Latin American immigrants (51% in 2015) remain the largest group, but Asian immigration is growing rapidly, projected to surpass Hispanics by 2055.
• Unauthorized immigration from Mexico peaked in the 2000s, declining due to policy changes and economic factors, but remains a key driver of immigration debates.

3. Demographic and Racial Changes

• Hispanics are the largest racial group, with their share projected to reach 24% by 2065 (up from 18% in 2015).
• Asians are projected to become the largest immigrant group, reaching 38% of the foreign-born population by 2065.
• The U.S. white population share is projected to decline to 46% by 2065, as immigration diversifies the population.

4. Economic and Social Characteristics

• Recent immigrants are better educated but earn less than U.S.-born peers. Median family incomes for immigrants are lower, and poverty rates are higher.
• Immigrants are younger than previous generations, reflecting changing global migration patterns.
• Better-educated immigrants from Asia and Latin America are changing the workforce and educational landscape.

5. Public Opinion and Policy Views

• Public views on immigration are mixed: 45% say it strengthens the U.S., 37% say it weakens it; views vary by education, race, and age.
• Half of Americans favor reducing immigration levels, but most support family reunification and skilled workers.
• Knowledge of immigration facts is low, with misconceptions about unauthorized immigration numbers and regional origins.
• Deferred Action programs (DACA) are popular but controversial among Republicans.

6. Future Projections and Challenges

• Immigration will continue driving population growth, with the U.S. median age rising to 42 by 2065.
• Challenges include balancing border security, economic integration, and managing resources, especially with a changing demographic profile.

In Conclusion, U.S. immigration has transformed the population, driven economic and cultural change, and sparked ongoing debates over policy and integration. By 2065, immigration will further reshape America's racial, ethnic, and age demographics, making it more diverse but more multiracial without a clear majority.