2015-09-14-皮尤-Foreign-Born_Share_in_Decline_as_Immigration_Slows_100页_2mb

Summary of the Report: "The Impact of Slowing Immigration: Foreign-Born Share Falls Among 14 Largest U.S. Hispanic Groups"

This report from the Pew Research Center analyzes the demographic, economic, and social trends among the 14 largest Hispanic origin groups in the United States, focusing on the declining foreign-born share from 2000 to 2013. Key findings include:

• Immigration Trends: The foreign-born proportion of each Hispanic origin group decreased due to slowing immigration, although the total Hispanic population grew because of natural increase. For example, Salvadorans' foreign-born share fell from 76% in 2000 to 59% in 2013, while Mexicans' decreased from 41% to 33%.

• Overall Changes: Between 2000 and 2013, the foreign-born share of the U.S. Hispanic population dropped from 40% to 35%, mirroring similar declines in other origin groups. Despite slower immigration growth, the number of Hispanic immigrants remained high, reaching 19 million in 2013.

• Group Comparisons: Varying trends were observed across groups. Larger groups like Mexicans saw slow declines, while smaller groups varied in foreign-born shares. Countries like Venezuela and Argentina had the highest foreign-born proportions (over 68%), while Puerto Ricans had one of the lowest (2%).

• Cultural and Economic Differences: Significant variations exist in language proficiency, age, education, income, and poverty rates. For instance:

  • English proficiency varies from high among Dominicans and low among Hondurans.
  • Education levels differ, with Venezuelans being most likely to have bachelor's degrees and Guatemalans highly represented in poverty.
  • Marital status, fertility rates, and homeownership rates also vary by origin.

• Identity and Attitudes: Most Hispanics define their identity through their specific origin group (e.g., Cuban, Mexican) rather than pan-ethnic terms like "Hispanic" or "Latino." Public opinion data highlighted differing views on identity, citizen/f immigrant status, and self-perception relative to American norms.

• Methodology: Data from the 2013 American Community Survey (ACS) and supplemental surveys provide detailed profiles for each group, with notes on limitations.

This report underscores the diversity within the Hispanic community and the impact of immigration policies and changes on demographic structures, while affirming continued growth and cultural heterogeneity in the U.S. population.