未来能源研究所-整合可变可再生能源和储能_实现绿色制氢（英）-2025.2_42页_1mb

报告摘要

Authors Summary

Jhih-Shyang Shih is an RFF fellow with extensive experience in energy and environmental modeling; his focus includes policy analysis and integrated system assessment.
Dallas Burtraw is a senior fellow at RFF, specializing in clean energy markets, climate policy impacts, and electricity industry regulation.
Karen Palmer contributes expertise in environmental and technology regulation within the electric power sector and guides decarbonization initiatives.

RFF Note

RFF is a non-profit research institution promoting informed environmental, energy, and resource decisions through rigorous analysis.

Research Focus

This analysis explores the short-term and long-term potential of green hydrogen production by integrating renewable energy and storage technologies into regional hydrogen hubs.

Background

Economic viability and environmental sustainability are major drivers for green hydrogen production. Challenges included intermittency of renewable energy sources and the need for efficient market integration.

Methodology

A mixed-integer optimization model with hourly resolution was adopted to optimize capacity investment and system operations—integrating wind, solar, and storage with electrolyzers. The model examined eleven scenarios.

Key Findings

Off-grid renewable systems can reduce hydrogen production costs significantly—through $1 per kilogram—when combined with appropriate policy incentives.
Tax credits (PTC/H2 and ITC) drive investment in sustainable infrastructure, encouraging developers and policymakers.
Carbon pricing minimizes CO emissions but has mixed outcomes regarding developer compensation versus environmental gains.
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Challenges & Future Work

Significant hurdles include high storage costs, variable renewable generation, and complexities in policy implementation. Suggestions include:

Expanding LDES technologies to lower storage costs.
Researching grid-integrated renewable hydrogen systems.
Incorporating additional costs (land use, permitting) into the model.

Conclusion

This model supports policymakers and investors in streamlining green hydrogen production through integration with VRE and LDES, underlining the need for sustainable energy policies and technological advancement.