兰德-新冠疫情与K-12学校的现状（英文）-2021.5-50页_547kb

Summary of "COVID-19 and the State of K-12 Schools"

Core Content

This document presents the results and technical documentation from the Spring 2021 American Educator Panels (AEP) COVID-19 surveys, which were administered to K-12 teachers and school principals in the United States. The surveys are part of a series that includes Spring 2020 and Fall 2020 data, aiming to provide insights into the challenges and adaptations of educators and students during the pandemic.

The surveys were conducted by the RAND Corporation's AEP, which includes the American Teacher Panel (ATP), the American School Leader Panel (ASLP), and the American School District Panel (ASDP). The data collected from the Spring 2021 surveys focus on key areas such as instructional models, student absenteeism and performance, educators' job security, and the need for additional support.

The research was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the findings are intended to inform policy and educational practices related to the needs of educators and students during the pandemic and beyond.

Main Viewpoints

• The AEP surveys are designed to provide nationally representative data through probability-based sampling and calibrated weighting.
• The surveys were administered to a large number of teachers and principals, with a focus on capturing their experiences and perspectives during the 2020–2021 school year.
• The data includes information on various school and educator characteristics, such as demographics, school type, and years of experience.
• The surveys also explored educators' concerns related to job security, burnout, and work-life balance, as well as their plans for vaccination and future instructional strategies.

Key Information

Sample and Administration

• The ATP sample aimed to collect 1,000 completed surveys from teachers, while the ASLP sample targeted 1,000 completed surveys from school principals.
• The surveys were conducted from March 22, 2021, to March 31, 2021.
• A total of 1,045 teachers and 1,183 school principals completed the surveys.
• Completion rates were 53.9% for teachers and 29.9% for school principals.

Survey Topics

The surveys covered a wide range of topics, including:

• Instructional models (in-person, remote, hybrid)
• Student absenteeism and performance
• Educators' job security and likelihood of leaving the profession
• Need for additional support
• Teachers' and school leaders' plans for receiving a COVID-19 vaccination
• School and educator characteristics (e.g., demographics, school size, location, and poverty levels)

Weighting and Calibration

• The sampling and weighting approach was designed to ensure a representative sample of the national population of teachers and school principals.
• Weights were created through a three-step process: sampling frame calibration, sample selection, and response weights.
• The final weights were recalibrated using individual and school-level characteristics to reflect the national population.
• Some weights were trimmed to reduce outliers and ensure population totals remained consistent.

Subsample Analysis

• The findings were analyzed across three groups: total, teachers in schools with 50% or more Black or Hispanic students, and teachers in schools with 50% or more students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch (FRPL).
• The data highlights disparities in experiences and concerns among educators in different types of schools.

Detailed Survey Results

Teacher Results

1. Grade Taught: Teachers reported teaching various grades, with the majority (around 20–25%) teaching grades 9–12, and a smaller percentage teaching early childhood or special education.
2. Main Teaching Assignment: The most common subjects were English and language arts (18%), mathematics (13%), and early childhood or general elementary (27%).
3. Years of Experience: Teachers had varying levels of experience, with the largest group (32%) having 21+ years in the profession.
4. Union Membership: Approximately 42% of teachers were members of the National Education Association (NEA), and 8% were members of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT).
5. Likelihood to Leave Job: 82% of teachers reported they were unlikely to leave their jobs both before and during the pandemic.
6. Job Security Concerns: 65% of teachers reported job security was not a concern, while 7% considered it a major concern.
7. Burnout Concerns: 52% of teachers felt burnout was a major concern related to job stress, and 20% felt it was a major concern related to stress outside of work.
8. Depression Feelings: 47% of teachers reported feeling depressed none of the time, while 7% felt it was a major concern.

School Principal Results

• The ASLP results are detailed in the report, but the key findings include similar themes such as concerns about student performance, school operations, and staff support.
• The data also covers school characteristics, including school type, location, and demographics.

Conclusion

The Spring 2021 AEP surveys provide a comprehensive overview of the experiences and challenges faced by K-12 teachers and school principals during the pandemic. The data highlights the need for continued support and resources for educators, particularly in high-needs schools, and offers insights into how schools adapted their instructional models and operations. The findings are intended to support policymakers, educators, and researchers in making informed decisions to improve educational outcomes and support systems during and beyond the pandemic.