兰德-COVID-19和K-12学校的现状（英文）-2020.5-44页_221kb

Summary of "COVID-19 and the State of K-12 Schools: Results and Technical Documentation from the Spring 2020 American Educator Panels COVID-19 Surveys"

Core Content

This document presents the results and technical details from the Spring 2020 American Educator Panels (AEP) surveys conducted by the RAND Corporation. The surveys aimed to understand how K-12 schools in the United States adapted to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the implementation of distance learning, the impact on educators, and the disparities in resources and support across different school types.

Main Findings

• School Closure and Distance Learning Implementation:

  • All schools surveyed were closed due to the pandemic, and 99% of teachers and school leaders reported providing distance learning materials or resources.
  • The majority of schools used online platforms (83%) and learning-management systems (e.g., Google Classroom, Schoology) to deliver distance learning.
  • Hardcopy materials were also used, but less frequently than online resources (56%).

• Distance Learning Activities:

  • Teachers reported covering approximately 50% of the formal curriculum through distance learning materials.
  • About 26% of students completed distance learning activities in a typical week, with higher completion rates in target schools compared to nontarget schools.

• Feedback and Grading:

  • 56% of teachers provided feedback on students' work without assigning grades.
  • 31% of teachers used pass/fail grading, and 35% used letter grades.
  • A small percentage (17%) of teachers did not provide any feedback.

• Focus on Review vs. New Content:

  • 25% of teachers focused mostly on reviewing content from before the pandemic.
  • 23% of teachers focused about evenly on review and new content.
  • 23% of teachers focused mostly on new content.
  • 9% of teachers focused almost entirely on new content.

• Teacher and Principal Demographics:

  • Teachers and principals were sampled from a nationally representative panel, with oversampling of schools serving a high percentage of students of color and students in poverty.
  • The weighted sample reflected the national distribution of educators in terms of school size, urbanicity, and demographics.

• Survey Completion Rates:

  • 51.0% of invited teachers completed the survey.
  • 27.3% of invited school leaders completed the survey.

• Teacher Experience and Intent to Remain Teaching:

  • Teachers had an average of 13 years of experience.
  • 41% of teachers planned to remain in teaching as long as they were able.
  • 36% expected to remain until retirement benefits were available.
  • 13% were undecided about their future in teaching.

Methodology

• The surveys were conducted from April 27, 2020, to May 11, 2020.
• The AEP used a probability-based sampling method to ensure a representative sample.
• A calibrated weighting approach was used to adjust for nonresponse and ensure the sample reflected the national population of teachers and school leaders.
• The weighting process involved three components: sampling frame calibration, sample selection weight, and response weight.
• The final weights were recalibrated and trimmed to reduce outliers and ensure population totals remained consistent.

Additional Context

• The surveys were developed in consultation with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and distance learning experts.
• Open-ended questions and "other" options were included but not analyzed in this report.
• Schools that did not close were excluded from the survey.
• The term "distance learning" was defined as any instructional materials, resources, and supports provided by schools while buildings were closed.

Key Information

• The AEP surveys provided nationally representative data from teachers and principals.
• The surveys highlighted disparities in the supports and resources provided to students in schools serving a high percentage of students of color and those affected by poverty.
• The data was used to examine the impact of school closures on educational outcomes and teacher well-being.
• The surveys included questions about the type of distance learning materials used, the proportion of curriculum covered, student engagement, and educator intent to remain in teaching.

Structure of the Data

• Table 2: Weighted descriptive statistics for teacher survey respondents, including school characteristics, teacher demographics, and subject areas taught.
• Table 3: Weighted descriptive statistics for principal survey respondents, including school characteristics, principal demographics, and years of experience.
• Additional tables provided detailed responses on distance learning implementation, student engagement, and curriculum coverage.