2018-碳手册（英文版）-5mb

Carbon Handbook: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of World Class Events

Core Content

The Carbon Handbook: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of World Class Events is a comprehensive guide aimed at helping organizers and managers of major events develop and implement effective carbon strategies. It is part of the UNDP/GEF Project "Greening 2014 Sochi Olympics: A Strategy and Action Plan for the Greening Legacy," and is inspired by the experiences of several high-profile events, including the Sochi 2014 Winter Games, London 2012 Olympics, Beijing 2008 Olympics, and others. The Handbook is not limited to sporting events but is also applicable to international conferences, exhibitions, festivals, and other large-scale events.

The document outlines a framework for carbon management, covering the entire lifecycle of an event—preparation, execution, and aftermath. It emphasizes the importance of setting clear goals and targets, measuring and monitoring the carbon footprint, and using tools and best practices to reduce and compensate for emissions. The Handbook also provides case studies and practical examples from past events to illustrate how carbon reduction can be achieved effectively.

Main Views and Key Information

1. Climate Change and Its Impact on Events

• Climate Change Overview:
  • In 2013, atmospheric CO₂ levels exceeded 400 ppm for the first time in several hundred millennia.
  • The IPCC 5th Assessment Report highlights the devastating effects of greenhouse gas emissions on the global environment and human well-being.
  • The last 30 years were likely the warmest in the past 1,400 years.
  • Sea levels have risen by about 0.19m over the past century.
  • Warming temperatures are affecting snow cover, glaciers, and permafrost, impacting winter sports.
  • Climate change is a growing threat to sports events, including the Tour de France and the 2022 World Cup in Qatar.

2. The Role of World Class Events in Sustainable Development

• World class events have the potential to be transformational, offering a platform for sustainable innovation and change.
• These events attract significant investment and a global audience, making them ideal for promoting environmental awareness and action.
• They can inspire positive behavior change and contribute to the development of new environmental technologies and practices.
• The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recognizes the environment as a core dimension of Olympism, alongside sport and culture.

3. Carbon Management Framework

• The Handbook provides a framework for sound carbon management, including:
  • Setting goals and targets.
  • Measuring and monitoring the event's carbon footprint.
  • Conducting screening assessments and estimating a baseline reference footprint.
  • Implementing reductions and compensating for residual emissions.
  • Declaring carbon neutrality.
  • Sourcing carbon credits and reporting progress.

4. Key Strategies and Tools

• Low Carbon Buildings:
  • Emphasizes the importance of sustainable design and construction.
  • Recommends the use of standards such as BREEAM and LEED.
  • Highlights the development of an Olympic Green Building Standard.
• Renewable Energy Technologies:
  • Includes centralized and decentralized systems such as Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CSP), Photovoltaic Solar (PV), and Wind Power.
  • Provides a comparison of key renewable technologies to guide decision-making.
• Low Carbon Transport:
  • Suggests the use of "Avoid - Shift - Improve" policies.
  • Offers examples such as the use of clean electric buses in the Beijing 2008 Olympics.
  • Discusses the importance of offsetting and engaging partners for carbon credits.

5. Case Studies

• Green Sports Facility:
  • Highlights the environmental impact of energy and water use, and waste management.
• Olympic Park Railway Station:
  • Serves as a public transport gateway in Sochi, demonstrating sustainable infrastructure.
• Adler Combined Heat and Power Station:
  • Shows how energy efficiency and sustainable practices can be integrated into event infrastructure.
• Russian International Olympic University:
  • Illustrates the educational impact of events on sustainable development.
• Bolshoi Hockey Arena:
  • Provides a BREEAM assessment example, showcasing sustainable building practices.

6. Carbon Risks and Opportunities

• The Handbook identifies four main categories of carbon risks:
  • Operational: Poor carbon management can increase costs and environmental impact.
  • Reputational: Environmental performance affects public perception and media relations.
  • Regulatory: Compliance with international and national carbon regulations is crucial.
  • Supply Chain: Procurement of low-carbon goods and services reduces overall emissions and supports innovation.
• It emphasizes the need for carbon risk assessment to be integrated into broader event management processes.

7. Recommendations

• Develop a comprehensive carbon strategy that includes measurable goals.
• Use recognized frameworks like ISO 20121 and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol for carbon accounting.
• Engage stakeholders early in the planning process to ensure transparency and accountability.
• Invest in renewable energy and sustainable infrastructure.
• Leverage carbon credits and offsetting to achieve carbon neutrality.
• Promote sustainable behaviors and leave a lasting environmental legacy.

Target Audience

• The Handbook is designed for professionals involved in the planning, management, and execution of world class events.
• It is particularly relevant to event organizers, sustainability officers, and stakeholders interested in reducing the environmental impact of large-scale events.

Conclusion

• The Carbon Handbook is a valuable resource for those seeking to integrate carbon management into event planning and execution.
• It provides a practical and strategic approach to reducing the carbon footprint, supported by real-world examples and international standards.
• By adopting the strategies outlined in the Handbook, event organizers can contribute to global efforts in combating climate change and promoting sustainable development.