2015-12-31-世界卫生组织-2016_STEPS_Country_Report_Georgia_57页_2mb

Georgia NCD Risk Factors STEPS Survey (2016)

Executive Summary

• Objective: Assess prevalence of major NCD risk factors (tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, etc.)
• Coverage: Nationally representative survey of adults aged 18–69
• Response Rate: 75.7% (N=5554)
• Key Partners: WHO Regional Office for Europe, National Center for Disease Control

Noncommunicable Diseases High-Risk Profile

1. Tobacco:

   • 31% current smokers (57% male); 28% daily smokers
   • Female smoking prevalence underestimated due to cotinine test (12.2% vs 7% self-report)
   • Early onset (18.2 years on average)

2. Diet:

   • 63.8% consume <5 servings of fruits/vegetables daily
   • 26.7% frequently add salt/salty sauce to food

3. Physical Activity:

   • 17.4% insufficient activity (<150 min moderate intensity/week)
   • Significant gender gap in vigorous activity (72.2% male vs 91.8% female)

4. Anthropometry:

   • 64.6% overweight/obese (33.2% obese)
   • Increasing BMI with age

5. Chronic Conditions:

   • 37.7% hypertensive (only 53.5% diagnosed)
   • 10% with diabetes (4.5% undiagnosed)
   • 27.7% dyslipidemia

Key Findings

1. Risk Factor Prevalence:

   • 92.4% have ≥1 risk factor
   • 36.1% have 3–5 risk factors (twice as high in men)

2. Healthcare Engagement:

   • Only 21.5% receive formal health professional advice on healthy lifestyle
   • 30% of hypertensive patients irregularly take medication

3. Behavioral Trends (vs 2010):

   • Declined: Physical activity minutes/day (-5 min/year)
   • Increased: Body mass index (+1.2), diabetes prevalence (+0.7%)

Conclusions & Recommendations

Key Conclusions:

• Immediate action needed for NCD prevention infrastructure
• Evidence-based interventions required for tobacco control, salt reduction, and hypertension management
• Diagnostic gaps exist for chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes only ~16.3% diagnosed)

Priority Recommendations:

1. Strengthen smoke-free policies at primary care facilities
2. Implement mandatory hypertension treatment cascade (screen-baseline-diagnose-treat)
3. Expand cervical cancer screening coverage (>40% currently screened)
4. Develop community-based nutrition education programs
5. Establish National NCD Surveillance Data Repository

Authors

• Primary: Dr. Amir Gamkrelidze, Nino Berdzuli (Deputy Minister)
• International Advisors: DRM Enrique Loyola, Stefan Savin