2002-12-31-世界卫生组织-2003_STEPS_Country_Report_Nepal_50页_191kb

报告摘要

Objective: Assess levels of selected non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors (tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical inactivity, weight, height, blood pressure) among 25–64-year-olds in Nepal's Kathmandu metropolitan city using WHO STEPwise methodology.
Methods: Descriptive study with 2030 samples (1010 men, 1020 women), recruited via Probability Proportion to Size sampling, combining surveys and physical measurements. Data analyzed using EPI INFO 2002 and SPSS 10.
City Limitation: Study confined to urban areas; rural disparities cannot be characterized.

Education Gap: 39% of women were illiterate (compared to 14.5% of men). Most men were self-employed or worked in NGOs/government sectors; women predominantly performed household chores (72%).
Physical Inactivity: 73.56% of men (90.98% of women) were physically inactive, especially during leisure time (92.28% of men and 96.76% of women).

Tobacco: 20.1% of all respondents smoked daily (30% men, 10% women). Average daily consumption was 9.47 sticks (men). Smokeless tobacco use was higher among young adults, particularly males (25.54%).
Alcohol: 63% of men drank alcohol (59% reported lifetime use), but the quantity (avg. 6 standard drinks for men) exceeded safe limits for health and risk of cancer. Binge drinking affecting 49% of men yearly.
Diet: Low intake of fruits (avg. 2–3 days/week) and vegetables (similar pattern). Slightly more than half met guideline servings (2–4 servings/day for both).
Physical Activity: Only 8.82% of women (25.45% of men) met the 150–min weekly guideline for moderate activity.
Weight Status: Overweight prevalence (including grade 1) was 32.0% in men and 41.9% in women. Prevalence of grade 2 obesity was higher among women.

Hypertension: 20.3% males and 12.9% females were hypertensive, increasing with age.
Diabetes: Approximately 3.8% identified as diabetic (4.3% men, 3.5% women), also rising with age.
Waist-to-Hip Ratio: 70.7% of women had high (>0.85), compared to 9.7% of men.

Expand National Surveillance: Conduct similar studies in rural areas to compare urban-rural differences.
Policy Targets: Reduce tobacco/alcohol availability through taxation and restriction; promote physical activity (e.g., via streets/travel).
Public Health Programs: Enhance awareness campaigns; promote dietary changes (increase fruit/vegetable availability); bolster surveillance to track high-risk groups.
Existing Programs: Evaluate effectiveness of ongoing interventions to improve real-world impact.