2021-06-28-世界卫生组织-Hypertension_Maldives_2020_country_profile_2页_383kb

Maldives Hypertension Fact Sheet Summary

Burden of Hypertension (2011)

• Total Estimated Cases: 46,100 adults (46.1 thousand) had hypertension, representing 17% of the adult population.
  • Aware (Diagnosed): 14,200 (30.8% of those with hypertension).
  • Under Treatment: 9,700 (20.8% of those with hypertension, but age-specific data varies; for 45-54 years, 30% were under treatment).
  • Controlled: 3,900 (8.5% of those with hypertension).
• Age-Specific Data: Hypertension prevalence increases with age. Males had higher prevalence in older age groups (e.g., 55-64 years: 66.2%), while females had lower but still significant prevalence in younger groups.
• Definition: Hypertension defined as SBP ≥ 140 mmHg, DBP ≥ 90 mmHg, or being advised by healthcare workers and under treatment.

National Systems Response (2019)

• Policy Availability: A policy to reduce salt/sodium consumption was not specified as "generally available."
• Medicine Availability: Essential hypertension medicines (e.g., thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors) were reported as generally available in public primary health care facilities.

National Targets (2016-2020)

• Prevalence Reduction: Aim for a 25% relative reduction in raised blood pressure prevalence by 2025.
• Salt/Sodium Reduction: Target a 30% relative reduction in population mean salt/sodium intake by 2025.

WHO Recommendations for Prevention and Control

• Address Risk Factors: Focus on reducing modifiable risks like high salt intake, saturated fats, physical inactivity, tobacco/alcohol use, and obesity.
• Technical Packages: Utilize WHO MPOWER, ACTIVE, SHAKE, REPLACE, and HEARTS frameworks for prevention and control.
• Hypertension Cascade: Improve identification (awareness), treatment, and control; track blood pressure control rates and ensure access to medicines.
• Goal Alignment: Align with global targets for hypertension control.

Definitions

• Aware (Diagnosed): Population with hypertension who have been informed by healthcare workers.
• Under Treatment: Individuals with hypertension receiving prescribed medication.
• Controlled: Those with hypertension maintaining SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg who are under treatment.

Data Sources and Trends

• Data Sources: Data from Maldives 2011 STEPS survey, national capacity survey, UN population estimates, and WHO Global Health Observatory.
• Uncontrolled Hypertension Trends: Prevalence among adults aged 18+ increased over time, rising from 10% in 2010 to projections indicating continued increase by 2025.
• Data Limitations: Definitions use age-standardization and are based on reported data, with gaps noted for certain age groups (e.g., missing data in consciousness sections).

Notes

• Awareness and Control Rates: Awareness was higher than control, indicating gaps in treatment and adherence.
• National Action Plan: The Multi-sectoral Action Plan focuses on reducing noncommunicable disease burdens, including hypertension.