2015-06-27-世界卫生组织-Meningitis_weekly_bulletin_22_-_28_June_2015_19页_1mb

Meningitis Weekly Bulletin Summary (Week 26, 2015)

Epidemiological Summary:
This bulletin covers week 26, 2015, providing data on meningitis cases in West Africa. During week 26 alone, 254 suspected cases were reported across multiple countries, with 15 deaths (a lethality rate of 5.9%). The majority of cases were from countries in the African meningitis belt, such as Niger, Nigeria, Ghana, and Mali. No districts surpassed the epidemic threshold or alert level in this specific week; however, cumulative data from weeks 1-26 indicate a total of 21,202 suspected cases reported, with 1,606 deaths (7.6% lethality rate). Nigeria and Niger were highlighted due to high case counts, but Nigeria had a lower lethality rate of 5.0%, while Niger recorded 7.2% lethality. One district in Benin crossed the alert threshold.

Key Findings:

• Pathogen identification revealed Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (NmC) was predominant in several countries, accounting for a significant portion of laboratory-confirmed cases.
• Vaccine availability was strained due to a global shortage, prompting response vaccination campaigns with trivalent and tetravalent meningococcal vaccines in affected regions, particularly Niger and Nigeria.
• An ongoing epidemic was tracked, starting in Nigeria in February 2015 and spreading to other areas, with the 2015 season marked by high overall caseloads and deaths compared to previous years.

Actions and Recommendations:

• Enhanced surveillance and laboratory monitoring were advised to manage serogroup C trends for the next season.
• Post-week production shifted to monthly updates until the end of 2015, with weekly resumes planned for 2016.

Overall Impact:
The 2015 epidemic period concluded with a significant burden on public health systems, emphasizing the need for improved preparedness and vaccine strategies. No widespread incidents were reported outside the meningitis belt, but vaccine shortages posed a challenge.