2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2017___Sudan_98页_1mb

Doing Business 2017: Sudan Summary

Core Content

The Doing Business 2017 report, a World Bank Group flagship publication, evaluates the ease of doing business across 190 economies, including Sudan, by analyzing 11 key regulatory areas. These areas include starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and labor market regulation.

The report presents data and rankings based on the distance to frontier (DTF) score and the ease of doing business ranking, which measure how close an economy is to the best practices in business regulation. The DTF score ranges from 0 (worst performance) to 100 (frontier), while the ranking is from 1 to 190.

Key Findings

Sudan's Performance

• Ease of Doing Business Rank (2017): 168
• Ease of Doing Business Rank (2016): 164
• Change in Rank: -4
• DTF Score (2017): 44.76
• DTF Score (2016): 45.8
• Change in DTF Score: -1.04

Sudan is ranked 168 out of 190 economies, indicating a relatively difficult environment for businesses. The DTF score has slightly declined from 2016 to 2017, suggesting a small regression in regulatory efficiency.

Comparative Context

Sudan's performance is compared with several other economies in Sub-Saharan Africa and beyond, including Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and South Sudan. The report also includes data for the best-performing economies globally, such as New Zealand and the United Arab Emirates.

Main Topics and Indicators

1. Starting a Business

• Rank (2017): 156
• DTF Score (2017): 73.78
• Procedures (Men): 10
• Time (Men): 36 days
• Cost (Men): 25.6% of income per capita
• Procedures (Women): 11
• Time (Women): 37 days
• Cost (Women): 25.6% of income per capita

Sudan has a relatively high number of procedures for starting a business, which is slightly worse for women. The time and cost are still relatively low compared to some comparator economies, but the country is far from the best performers.

2. Dealing with Construction Permits

• Rank (2017): 145
• DTF Score (2017): 60.52
• Procedures: 15
• Time (Days): 270 days
• Cost (% of warehouse value): 2.2%
• Building Quality Control Index: 9.5

The process of obtaining construction permits is lengthy and complex in Sudan. The cost is low, but the time and number of procedures are significantly higher than in many comparator economies.

3. Getting Electricity

• Rank (2017): 113
• DTF Score (2017): 62.10
• Procedures: 5
• Time (Days): 70 days
• Cost (% of income per capita): 2686.8
• Reliability of Supply and Transparency of Tariff Index: 3.0

Access to electricity in Sudan is challenging, with a high cost and moderate time. The reliability of supply and transparency of tariffs are low, indicating a need for improvement.

4. Registering Property

• Rank (2017): 89
• DTF Score (2017): 63.61
• Procedures: 6
• Time (Days): 11
• Cost (% of property value): 2.6
• Quality of Land Administration Index: 5.5

Sudan has a relatively efficient process for registering property, with a low cost and time. However, the quality of land administration is low, which could affect the reliability of property rights.

5. Getting Credit

• Rank (2017): 170
• DTF Score (2017): 15.00
• Strength of Legal Rights Index: 3.0
• Depth of Credit Information Index: 0.0
• Credit Registry Coverage: 0.0%
• Credit Bureau Coverage: 2.1%

Sudan has a poor credit environment, with low credit registry and bureau coverage, and limited legal protections for creditors. The DTF score is low, indicating significant room for improvement.

6. Protecting Minority Investors

• Rank (2017): 187
• DTF Score (2017): 21.67
• Strength of Minority Investor Protection Index: 2.2
• Extent of Conflict of Interest Regulation Index: 2.3

Sudan performs poorly in protecting minority investors, with low scores on both the strength of legal protections and conflict of interest regulation. This suggests a weak legal framework for safeguarding minority rights.

7. Paying Taxes

• Rank (2017): 141
• DTF Score (2017): 58.39
• Payments (Per Year): 42
• Time (Hours/Year): 180
• Total Tax Rate (% of Profit): 45.4%
• Postfiling Index: 46.6

Paying taxes in Sudan is moderately complex, with a high tax rate. The postfiling index is low, indicating inefficiencies in tax-related processes.

8. Trading Across Borders

• Rank (2017): 184
• DTF Score (2017): 19.16
• Time to Export (Border Compliance): 162 hours
• Cost to Export (Border Compliance): $950
• Time to Export (Documentary Compliance): 190 hours
• Cost to Export (Documentary Compliance): $428
• Time to Import (Border Compliance): 144 hours
• Cost to Import (Border Compliance): $1093
• Time to Import (Documentary Compliance): 132 hours
• Cost to Import (Documentary Compliance): $420

Trading across borders in Sudan is highly inefficient, with long times and high costs for both imports and exports. The DTF score is among the lowest, highlighting significant challenges in trade regulation.

9. Enforcing Contracts

• Rank (2017): 147
• DTF Score (2017): 46.91
• Time (Days): 810
• Cost (% of Claim): 19.8%
• Quality of Judicial Processes Index: 3.5

Enforcing contracts is a major challenge in Sudan, with a very long time and moderate cost. The judicial processes are rated low, indicating inefficiencies in the legal system.

10. Resolving Insolvency

• Rank (2017): 153
• DTF Score (2017): 26.45
• Recovery Rate (Cents on the Dollar): 31.7
• Time (Years): 2.0
• Strength of Insolvency Framework Index: 3.0

Resolving insolvency in Sudan is difficult, with a low recovery rate and moderate time. The insolvency framework is weak, which can deter investment and business growth.

Methodology and Limitations

• The report measures regulations for a local limited liability company in the largest business city.
• It includes a gender component in several indicators, highlighting the differences in business processes for men and women.
• The methodology does not cover all aspects of a business environment, such as proximity to large markets or macroeconomic stability.
• The DTF score and ease of doing business ranking are used to assess changes in regulatory environments over time and compare them with best practices.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2017 report highlights that Sudan faces significant challenges in creating a favorable business environment. While some areas, such as property registration, show relatively good performance, others like getting credit, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency are major obstacles. The introduction of gender-based indicators and the expansion of the report to include Somalia provide a more comprehensive view of business regulation, but the overall performance of Sudan remains low. The report serves as a valuable tool for policymakers to identify areas for reform and improve regulatory efficiency.