2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2017___Switzerland_103页_1mb

报告摘要

Doing Business 2017: Summary of Switzerland

Core Content

The Doing Business 2017 report by the World Bank Group provides a comprehensive assessment of the business environment in Switzerland and compares it with other economies. It evaluates regulations across 11 key areas of business operations, including starting a business, construction permits, electricity access, property registration, credit access, minority investor protection, tax compliance, trade across borders, contract enforcement, insolvency resolution, and labor market regulation. The report also introduces a gender dimension in several indicators and expands the scope to include data on Somalia, bringing the total number of economies covered to 190.

The report offers two main metrics: the Distance to Frontier (DTF) score, which measures how close an economy is to the best regulatory practices globally, and the Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) ranking, which ranks economies based on their performance in these areas. However, labor market regulation is not included in the EoDB ranking but is presented in the economy profile.

Main Viewpoints

Ease of Doing Business Ranking: Switzerland ranked 31st in 2017, a slight drop from 29th in 2016.
Distance to Frontier (DTF) Score: Switzerland's DTF score was 76.06, a minimal decline of -0.01 from the previous year.
Gender Dimension: The report introduces a gender component in four indicators—starting a business, registering property, enforcing contracts, and labor market regulation—allowing for the comparison of procedures, time, and cost for both men and women. For all indicators, the number of procedures and time for women remained the same as for men, but the cost was higher in some cases.
Methodological Changes: The report expanded the Paying Taxes indicator to include postfiling processes (e.g., tax refunds, audits, appeals), and added a new pilot indicator on selling to the government.
Regional Comparison: Switzerland's performance is compared with comparator economies such as Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, as well as with the best global performers.

Key Indicators Overview

Starting a Business

Rank: 71 (Switzerland), 66 (Switzerland 2016)
DTF Score: 88.39 (Switzerland), 88.44 (Switzerland 2016)
Procedures (Men/Women): 6.0 (both)
Time (Days): 10.0 (both)
Cost (% of income per capita): 2.3 (both)
Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 99.96)

Dealing with Construction Permits

Rank: 68 (Switzerland), 65 (Switzerland 2016)
DTF Score: 71.74 (Switzerland), 71.76 (Switzerland 2016)
Procedures (Number): 13.0 (Switzerland), 13.0 (Switzerland 2016)
Time (Days): 156.0 (Switzerland)
Cost (% of warehouse value): 0.7 (Switzerland)
Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 87.40)

Getting Electricity

Rank: 7 (Switzerland), 6 (Switzerland 2016)
DTF Score: 94.41 (Switzerland), 94.42 (Switzerland 2016)
Procedures (Number): 3.0 (Switzerland)
Time (Days): 39.0 (Switzerland)
Cost (% of income per capita): 58.9 (Switzerland)
Best Performer: Korea, Rep. (Rank 1, DTF 99.88)

Registering Property

Rank: 16 (Switzerland), 16 (Switzerland 2016)
DTF Score: 86.12 (Switzerland), 86.12 (Switzerland 2016)
Procedures (Number): 4.0 (Switzerland)
Time (Days): 16.0 (Switzerland)
Cost (% of property value): 0.3 (Switzerland)
Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 94.46)

Getting Credit

Rank: 62 (Switzerland), 60 (Switzerland 2016)
DTF Score: 60.00 (Switzerland), 60.00 (Switzerland 2016)
Strength of Legal Rights Index: 6.0 (Switzerland)
Depth of Credit Information Index: 6.0 (Switzerland)
Credit Registry Coverage: 0.0 (Switzerland)
Credit Bureau Coverage: 25.8 (Switzerland)
Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 100.00)

Protecting Minority Investors

Rank: 106 (Switzerland), 101 (Switzerland 2016)
DTF Score: 50.00 (Switzerland), 50.00 (Switzerland 2016)
Strength of Minority Investor Protection Index: 5.0 (Switzerland)
Extent of Conflict of Interest Regulation Index: 3.3 (Switzerland)
Best Performer: New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF 83.33)

Paying Taxes

Rank: 18 (Switzerland), 17 (Switzerland 2016)
DTF Score: 88.49 (Switzerland), 88.49 (Switzerland 2016)
Payments (Per Year): 19.0 (Switzerland)
Time (Hours per Year): 63.0 (Switzerland)
Total Tax Rate (% of Profit): 28.8 (Switzerland)
Postfiling Index: 86.6 (Switzerland)
Best Performer: United Arab Emirates (Rank 1, DTF 99.44)

Trading Across Borders

Rank: 37 (Switzerland), 37 (Switzerland 2016)
DTF Score: 91.79 (Switzerland), 91.79 (Switzerland 2016)
Time to Export (Border Compliance): 1 hour (Switzerland)
Cost to Export (Border Compliance): $201 (Switzerland)
Time to Export (Documentary Compliance): 2 hours (Switzerland)
Cost to Export (Documentary Compliance): $75 (Switzerland)
Best Performer: 10 Economies (Rank 1, DTF 100.00)

Enforcing Contracts

Rank: 39 (Switzerland), 38 (Switzerland 2016)
DTF Score: 67.10 (Switzerland), 67.10 (Switzerland 2016)
Time (Days): 420.0 (Switzerland)
Cost (% of Claim): 24.0 (Switzerland)
Quality of Judicial Processes Index: 9.5 (Switzerland)
Best Performer: Korea, Rep. (Rank 1, DTF 84.15)

Resolving Insolvency

Rank: 45 (Switzerland), 44 (Switzerland 2016)
DTF Score: 62.61 (Switzerland), 62.60 (Switzerland 2016)
Recovery Rate (Cents per Dollar): 46.6 (Switzerland)
Time (Years): 3.0 (Switzerland)
Cost (% of Estate): 4.5 (Switzerland)
Strength of Insolvency Framework Index: 12.0 (Switzerland)
Best Performer: Finland (Rank 1, DTF 93.89)

Key Information

The data for the report is current as of June 1, 2016, except for the Paying Taxes indicators, which cover January–December 2015.
The report emphasizes that the methodology has limitations, as it does not consider factors like market proximity, infrastructure quality (beyond electricity and trade), property security, transparency of government procurement, macroeconomic conditions, or institutional strength.
The gender dimension is a new addition, reflecting the differences in regulatory processes for women in some economies, such as the need for a husband's consent or gender-specific requirements for opening a bank account.
The distance to frontier metric allows for assessing how much an economy has improved over time and how close it is to the best practices globally.
The report serves as a tool for policy makers to understand the regulatory environment and identify areas for reform. It highlights the procedures, time, and costs associated with various business activities, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurs.