2024-05-23-世界卫生组织-Dengue_information_for_travelers_2页_67kb

Dengue Information for Travellers

• Definition: Dengue is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and related species.

• Transmission:

  • Mosquitoes transmit dengue through bites, becoming infectious 8-12 days post-blood meal.
  • Other possible transmission: maternal from pregnant woman to child, and through blood transfusions.

• Clinical Features:

  • Most infected show no symptoms.
  • Symptomatic cases: high fever, severe headache, eye pain, joint aches, nausea, rash.
  • Severe dengue is rare, occurring post-fever, with abdominal pain, vomiting, breathing issues, bleeding; requires immediate hospital care.

• Geographical Distribution:

  • Common in tropical/subtropical regions; WHO identifies high-risk areas like Southeast Asia, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Africa.
  • Spreading to new areas, including Europe; over 130 countries at risk annually.

• Risk for Travellers:

  • Highest in urban/semiurban endemic countries during outbreaks.
  • Risk increases with re-infection, even by different strains.

• Prophylaxis:

  • No specific preventative medications.
  • Treatment focuses on symptom relief and fluid management.

• Precautions:

  • Avoid mosquito bites, especially during daytime activity.
  • Protective measures: wear long sleeves/trousers/socks, use insect repellent (DEET, icaridin, or ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate), screen windows/doors, use mosquito nets.