2024年全球可再生能源状态报告（GSR_2024）能源供应模块_138页_17mb

RENEWABLES 2024: GLOBAL STATUS REPORT - ENERGY SUPPLY

Core Content

The Renewables 2024 Global Status Report - Energy Supply Module provides a comprehensive overview of the progress and challenges in the global transition to renewable energy. It highlights the uneven development across different energy carriers, regions, and technologies, while emphasizing the need for accelerated action to meet global climate goals.

Key Trends and Statistics

• Renewable Energy Growth: In 2023, 536 GW of renewable power capacity was added globally, with investment reaching USD 623 billion.
• Renewable Share in Energy Consumption: Renewables accounted for over 30% of total final energy consumption in the power sector, 10% of heat, and 3.5% of fuel in 2023.
• Global Renewable Targets: In 2023, 182 countries had renewable energy targets across all sectors and technologies.
• Electricity Demand Increase: Between 2011 and 2021, global energy demand increased by 39 exajoules (EJ), with fossil fuels and traditional biomass covering 53% of the increase, while modern renewables covered 45%.
• Renewable Electricity Generation: The share of renewable electricity generation increased from 29.4% in 2022 to 30.3% in 2023, although this mainly met rising electricity demand rather than replacing fossil fuels.

Main Points

• Global Investment and Policy Shifts: Despite high inflation and costs of capital, global investment in renewables reached an all-time high in 2023. Governments are increasingly promoting renewables as a secure and affordable energy source to stabilize supply and mitigate inflation.
• Policy and Targets: Several countries updated their renewable energy targets in 2023, with policy packages like the US Inflation Reduction Act and the EU's REPowerEU aiming to boost domestic manufacturing and deployment.
• Fossil Fuel Subsidies: Direct subsidies to fossil fuels totaled around USD 600 billion in 2023, a decrease from the peak of over USD 1 trillion in 2022, but still significantly higher than renewable subsidies.
• Energy Security Focus: The global focus has shifted towards energy security, with tighter markets and increased geopolitical tensions, particularly due to the Russian Federation's invasion of Ukraine, affecting supply chains and energy prices.
• Need for Acceleration: While renewable electricity is driving the shift in energy supply, there is a need to accelerate the adoption of renewables in heat and fuels. The UNFCCC COP28 agreement to triple renewable energy capacity and double energy efficiency improvements presents a significant opportunity to increase renewable uptake.
• Global Renewable Capacity Goal: To meet the global target of 11 TW by 2030, global renewable capacity additions need to reach almost 1 terawatt (TW) per year.

Key Stakeholders and Collaborators

• REN21 Members: Include governments, science and academia, inter-governmental organizations, industry associations, and non-governmental organizations.
• Key Contributors: The report is a collaborative effort involving hundreds of experts, with input from organizations such as IEA, WRI, NREL, SolarPACES, and WindEurope.
• Special Advisors: Janet L. Sawin and Freyr Sverrisson provided expert guidance on the report.
• Supporting Organizations: The report was commissioned and produced with support from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK).

Challenges and Opportunities

• Market and Policy Barriers: High inflation, cost of capital, and debt burdens in developing countries are inhibiting investment in renewables.
• Infrastructure and Storage: Grid upgrades and storage solutions are critical for the integration of renewable energy into power systems.
• Sustainability Standards: Hydropower sustainability standards are being implemented to ensure responsible development.
• Carbon Dioxide Removal: Regulations on carbon dioxide removal are influencing the bioenergy industry, particularly Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS).
• Local and Regional Efforts: The report highlights local initiatives and regional networks, such as the Netherlands' heat pump sales, the Viet Nam's solar PV policies, and France's approach to recycling solar panels.

Conclusion

The Renewables 2024 Global Status Report - Energy Supply Module underscores the importance of renewables in the global energy transition. It calls for stronger policies, increased investment, and greater collaboration to overcome existing challenges and achieve the necessary scale of renewable energy deployment by 2030. The report is a valuable resource for policymakers, industry leaders, and stakeholders seeking to support a sustainable energy future.