2022-12-14-联合国贸易发展委员会-商品一览_工业大麻专刊_93页_3mb

Summary of UNCTAD Special Issue on Industrial Hemp

This report examines industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L., non-intoxicant varieties) as an agricultural commodity. Key points include:

1. Industrial Hemp Definition & Status

• Definition: Non-intoxicant varieties with THC concentration below regulated limits.
• Production Capacity: Up to 40 countries produce some quantities; has moved beyond traditional markets (China, France) to influence global markets.
• Classification Ambiguity: Lacks clarity in taxonomies like HS/SITC, limiting statistical classification and trade coverage.

2. Value Chain Analysis

• Production: Cultivation methods vary by purpose (fiber, seeds, dual-use); cannabinoid production requires indoor methods.
• Processing: Value addition stages include conversion of plant parts into textiles, paper, oil, CBD, and other products.
• Consumption: Covers traditional industries (textiles, paper) alongside emerging markets like CBD products.

3. Supply and Demand Dynamics

• Production: Recorded areas and production fluctuate with climatic and regulatory factors. Trade volumes recently increased with legalization in key markets.
• Trade: HS classification excludes most hemp derivatives (seeds, CBD). Unreported trade significantly inflates overall market potential.
• Prices: Unit values differ substantially by product and region; CBD prices experienced volatility due to market overheating.

4. Market Access and Regulations

• Tariffs: Relatively low compared to other agricultural products.
• Non-Tariff Measures: Complex requirements threaten exports and create market access barriers.

5. Investment Potential

• Value Chains: Can be structured regionally (e.g., Malawi-South Africa), with downstream processing adding value.
• Innovation: Includes cultivation for carbon sequestration, phytoremediation, and whole-plant approaches.

Recommended Actions

1. Information Systems: Expand data collection on production, trade, and prices for all relevant products.
2. Regulatory Clarity: Harmonize definitions and regulations to allow whole-plant exploitation.
3. Sustainability Integration: Foster growth while addressing climate and resource management.
4. Industrial Policy: Craft strategies for value chain development, quality control, and regional cooperation.

The report concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the growing role of industrial hemp across sustainable agriculture and emerging markets.