2014-12-31-世界卫生组织-2015_GSHS_Country_Report_Curaçao_92页_1mb

报告摘要

GSHS Curaçao 2015 National Report Summary

Core Content

The Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) Curaçao 2015 was conducted between October 20th and November 30th, 2015, involving 27 schools across four educational levels: AGO, VSBO, HAVO/VWO, and SBO (first two classes). The survey aimed to assess the health behaviours and well-being of 12- to 17-year-old students in the public education system of Curaçao, and to compare these findings with those from other Caribbean states and Dutch students.

The study was based on a nationally representative sample of 3,219 students from 161 classes in 28 schools, achieving an overall response rate of 83%. The findings are presented by gender, age, and school level, and include comparisons with Caribbean and Dutch students.

Main Findings

Family Life

48.9% of students lived with both parents, with lower rates among female and AGO students.
18.5% of students could not rely on any adults for personal problems, most common among AGO students.
64.4% of students felt their parents or guardians knew what they were doing with their free time.
33.5% of students had their homework checked by parents or guardians, more common among AGO and VSBO students.
78.2% of students reported their parents or guardians never or rarely searched through their belongings without approval, most common among HAVO/VWO students.
53.0% of students felt their parents or guardians understood their problems and worries during the 30 days prior.

Peer Relationships

10.0% of students had no close friends, with HAVO/VWO students least likely to report this.
47.6% of students felt their schoolmates were usually kind and helpful, with HAVO/VWO students most likely to report this.
15.5% of students usually felt lonely, with a significant increase in loneliness among female students aged 13-15.

Mental Health

11.4% of students usually worried so much they could not sleep at night, more common among AGO students and female students aged 13+.
11.3% of students seriously considered attempting suicide in the 12 months before the survey, most common among female students aged 13+.
28.0% of students who considered suicide also attempted it two or more times.

Healthy Behaviours

34.9% of students slept 8 hours or more on average school nights, with this rate decreasing with age.
96.1% of students cleaned or brushed their teeth daily.
7.9% of students had never seen a dentist, less common among HAVO/VWO students.
12.1% of students never or rarely washed hands before eating, 3.7% after using the toilet, and 5.9% never or rarely used soap when washing hands.
26.6% of students skipped classes without permission on one or more days during the 30 days before the survey, most common among AGO students.

Physical Activity

11.8% of students met the WHO recommendation of at least 60 minutes of daily physical activity.
32.3% of students were not physically active at all for at least 60 minutes on any day during the 7 days before the survey, more common among female and AGO students.
20.8% of students did not attend physical education classes during the 2015 school year.
61.9% of students spent three or more hours daily on sedentary activities, with AGO students least likely to report this.

Dietary Behaviours

3.7% of students always or mostly went hungry due to insufficient food at home, more common among AGO students.
7.3% of students never ate breakfast, and 7.6% ate it infrequently.
58.3% of male students and 61.2% of female students ate fruit at least once a day.
73.4% of male students and 71.8% of female students ate vegetables at least once a day.
60.9% of students drank carbonated soft drinks daily, and 22.6% drank them at least three times a day.
69.0% of students ate fast food on one or more days during the 7 days before the survey, with female students more likely to do so.
33.0% of female students reported being slightly or very overweight compared to 23.9% of male students.
42.1% of female students tried to lose weight compared to 30.3% of male students.
27.3% of students who had sexual intercourse first did so at age 14 or younger.
62.2% of students who had sexual intercourse used reliable contraception, while 6.5% of female students and 4.2% of male students used less reliable methods.
9.1% of female students used the morning after pill as the main method of contraception.
12.4% of students reported being pregnant or getting someone pregnant, more common among female students.

Substance Use

9.0% of students currently smoked, most common among AGO students.
60.5% of students who ever smoked tried a cigarette before age 14, with VSBO students most likely to do so.
40.8% of students drank alcohol in the past month, most commonly obtained from family.
21.6% of students had been really drunk at least once in their life.
6.2% of students got in trouble with family or friends, missed school, or got into fights due to alcohol use, most common among AGO students.
10.9% of students had used marijuana at least once in their life, with 5.7% using it in the 30 days before the survey. Male students were more likely to use marijuana.
13.2% of students who used marijuana did so 20 times or more.
1.7% of students used methamphetamine, cocaine, or XTC.
29.6% of students who ever used drugs first did so before age 14.
3.9% of students got in trouble with family or friends, missed school, or got into fights due to drug use, most common among AGO students.

Violence and Injuries

25.4% of students reported being bullied on one or more days during the 30 days before the survey, with AGO students more than twice as likely to be bullied.
6.1% of students belonged to a violent group or gang, more common among AGO and VSBO students.
13.9% of students carried a weapon, with male students more likely to do so.
16.7% of students in relationships reported being physically hurt by their partner.
15.2% of students were physically hurt by their parents or guardians.
14.3% of students were physically attacked one or more times.
17.9% of students were involved in a fight one or more times, with this rate being lower than in other Caribbean states.
31.7% of students reported being seriously injured, with 7.2% citing motor vehicle accidents as the main cause.
Male students were more likely to not use seat belts.
21.8% of students who rode in a motor vehicle driven by someone else were driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol.

Key Comparisons

Caribbean States

Curaçao adolescents generally had a more favourable health profile compared to their Caribbean peers, with lower risks for most health indicators, except for the negative effects of insufficient physical activity.

Netherlands

Curaçao students had a more fragmented and less favourable health profile compared to Dutch students, with higher risks for most health behaviours, except for tobacco use and insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption.

Discussion and Conclusion

Gender differences were observed, with male students more likely to engage in external problem behaviours (e.g., violence, substance use), while female students were more prone to internal problem behaviours (e.g., loneliness, worrying, suicide ideation).
Age differences were also noted, with younger students more likely to exhibit positive health behaviours (e.g., adequate sleep, good hygiene), and older students more likely to experiment with adult behaviours (e.g., smoking, alcohol, marijuana, and sexual activity).
School level influenced health behaviours, with HAVO/VWO students showing the most favourable profiles, followed by VSBO, then AGO, and finally SBO students.
The health profile gradient across school levels is influenced by socio-economic factors, parenting styles, and the perception of transitioning to adulthood.

The GSHS Curaçao 2015 report is a valuable resource for policymakers and educators to develop targeted health and youth programs. It is intended to be repeated every four years to monitor trends and evaluate the effectiveness of health promotion initiatives.

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