2017年-世界发展银行全球_Region_Profile_of_South_Asia_69页_1mb

Doing Business 2018 - South Asia (SA) Summary

Core Content

The Doing Business 2018 report evaluates business regulations and their enforcement across 190 economies, including South Asia (SA), using 11 key indicators. These indicators provide objective measures of the regulatory environment for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), helping economies benchmark their performance and identify areas for reform.

Key Indicators and Their Focus

The report includes the following key indicators:

1. Starting a Business

   • Measures procedures, time, cost, and paid-in minimum capital required to start a limited liability company.
   • Assumes a standardized business model: 100% domestic, 5 owners (no legal entities), 10 times income per capita start-up capital, and general industrial/commercial activities.

2. Dealing with Construction Permits

   • Tracks procedures, time, and cost to complete all formalities for building a warehouse.
   • Includes quality control and safety mechanisms in the construction permitting system.
   • Assumes a two-story warehouse of 1,300.6 square meters with specific utility connections and no special permits.

3. Getting Electricity

   • Assesses procedures, time, and cost to obtain a permanent electricity connection for a warehouse.
   • Measures reliability of supply and transparency of tariffs.
   • Assumes a standard electricity connection with specific technical parameters and consumption levels.

4. Registering Property

   • Evaluates procedures, time, cost, and the quality of land administration systems for transferring property.
   • Assumes a fully owned property with no title disputes, located in a periurban area, and used for general storage.

5. Getting Credit

   • Focuses on movable collateral laws and credit information systems.
   • Measures the strength of legal rights and depth of credit information.

6. Protecting Minority Investors

   • Evaluates minority shareholders' rights in related-party transactions and corporate governance.

7. Paying Taxes

   • Measures payments, time, and total tax rate for a firm to comply with all tax regulations and post-filing processes.

8. Trading Across Borders

   • Assesses time and cost to export and import goods (e.g., export of product of comparative advantage and import of auto parts).

9. Enforcing Contracts

   • Evaluates time and cost to resolve commercial disputes and the quality of judicial processes.

10. Resolving Insolvency

    • Measures time, cost, outcome, and recovery rate for commercial insolvency, along with the strength of the legal framework.

11. Labor Market Regulation

    • Although not ranked, the report provides data on labor regulations for reference.

Methodology

• Standardized Business Model: A 100% domestic, limited liability company with 5 owners, 10 times income per capita capital, and 10–50 employees.
• Data Collection: Based on case studies and standardized procedures, with data collected for the largest business city and, for 11 large economies, the second largest.
• Distance to Frontier (DTF): A score from 0 to 100, where 0 is the lowest performance and 100 is the best (frontier). Rankings are based on the DTF scores across 10 topics, each with multiple indicators.

Regional Performance in South Asia

• Ease of Doing Business: South Asian economies have varying levels of performance across the indicators.
• Comparative Analysis: The report compares the region's performance with other comparator regions and provides average rankings for South Asia.
• Key Findings:
  • Starting a Business: The number of procedures, time, and cost vary significantly across South Asian countries.
  • Construction Permits: The process involves multiple steps, with time and cost being key factors.
  • Electricity Access: Procedures, time, and cost are critical, along with the reliability of supply and transparency of tariffs.
  • Property Registration: The number of procedures and time to complete a transfer are significant, with the quality of land administration systems also playing a role.
  • Credit Access: Credit reporting systems and collateral laws are important for facilitating lending.
  • Minority Investor Protection: Corporate governance and related-party transactions are key areas of focus.
  • Tax Compliance: Time and cost to comply with tax regulations are important for business operations.
  • Cross-Border Trade: Time and cost to import and export goods are measured.
  • Contract Enforcement: The efficiency of the judicial system is a key factor.
  • Insolvency Resolution: Time, cost, and recovery rates are essential metrics.

Purpose of the Report

• Benchmarking: Provides measurable benchmarks for reform and encourages economies to improve regulatory efficiency.
• Policy Insights: Offers insights to policymakers, academics, and the private sector on the business climate.
• Subnational Reports: Includes detailed reports on cities and regions within each nation, allowing for local comparisons and tailored reform recommendations.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2018 report highlights the importance of regulatory reforms in improving the business environment. South Asian economies face challenges in various areas, including starting a business, construction permits, and electricity access. By comparing these indicators with global benchmarks and regional averages, the report provides a valuable resource for identifying and implementing reforms to enhance business efficiency and growth.