2011年-世界发展银行全球_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation_in_Mauritania___Turning_Finance_into_Services_for_2015_and_Beyond_36页_1mb

Summary of Water Supply and Sanitation in Mauritania

Core Content

This report provides an analysis of the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in Mauritania, focusing on the challenges and opportunities in turning financial resources into effective services. It is part of the second round of Country Status Overviews (CSO2) commissioned by the African Ministers' Council on Water (AMCOW) and produced in collaboration with the Government of Mauritania and other stakeholders.

The report highlights the progress made in WSS since 1990, the financial requirements for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and the institutional and operational challenges that hinder effective service delivery. It also outlines priority actions for improving the sector's performance and ensuring that finance is effectively converted into services.

Main Findings

• Access Rates: Despite some improvements, access to water and sanitation remains low, particularly in rural areas. According to JMP data, the access rate to drinking water increased from 30% in 1990 to 49% in 2008, while sanitation access rose from 16% to 26% over the same period.
• MDG Targets: To meet the MDG targets by 2015, Mauritania needs to increase access rates to 65% for water and 58% for sanitation. Current trends suggest these targets may not be met without accelerated progress.
• Investment Requirements: An estimated US$48 million per year is required to achieve the MDG targets. Of this, 60% should be allocated to rural areas. Additionally, US$11 million per year is needed for the operation and maintenance (O&M) of existing and future infrastructure.
• Rural vs. Urban: Rural areas lag significantly behind urban areas in both access and service quality. Urban areas, with a more favorable baseline, are more likely to meet their targets if financing is secured promptly.
• Institutional Challenges: The institutional framework for WSS is weak, with fragmented governance and limited human and financial resources. The rural water supply subsector has seen some institutional reforms, such as the delegated management system, which has improved service quality and access.
• Sanitation: The sanitation subsector, especially in rural areas, remains underdeveloped with no clear strategy or sufficient resources. It is a major priority for reform.

Key Points

• CSO2 Methodology: The CSO2 scorecard evaluates the WSS sector based on nine building blocks, categorized into enabling conditions, service development, and service sustainability. Mauritania scores below the average of its peer countries in all categories.
• Reforms and Initiatives: Several reforms have been initiated, including the establishment of new institutions (e.g., CNRE, ANEPA, APAUS), the creation of the national water company (SNDE), and the introduction of a regulatory authority. However, these reforms have not led to consistent or sustained improvements.
• Financing Gaps: There is a significant gap between the required investment and what is currently available. The lack of reliable data on both development partner commitments and state financing makes it difficult to assess the actual funding needs accurately.
• Priority Actions: The report outlines agreed priority actions to improve service delivery, including:
  • Developing a clear strategy and multiyear investment plan for all subsectors.
  • Strengthening institutional coordination and capacity.
  • Improving the management and regulation of water and sanitation services.
  • Enhancing community participation and local governance.
  • Establishing a national inventory and monitoring system.
  • Creating a platform for institutional dialogue and joint sector reviews.

Subsector Highlights

Rural Water Supply

• The delegated management system has improved service quality and access.
• Annual investment required: US$14 million.
• O&M costs: US$3 million.
• A national inventory and improved monitoring systems are needed to enhance performance and sustainability.

Urban Water Supply

• Access rates have increased, but progress is slower than in rural areas.
• Annual investment required: US$10 million.
• O&M costs: US$4 million.
• The urban water supply subsector requires a strategic plan and better coordination with other urban development agencies.

Rural Sanitation and Hygiene

• Access rates have remained very low, with little progress since 1990.
• Annual investment required: US$14 million.
• O&M costs: US$1 million.
• A proactive sanitation promotion program and a dedicated consultation platform are needed.

Urban Sanitation and Hygiene

• Access rates are higher than in rural areas but still below MDG targets.
• Annual investment required: US$10 million.
• O&M costs: US$2 million.
• A sustainable financing mechanism and improved pit emptying and sludge treatment services are essential.

Conclusion

The WSS sector in Mauritania has made some progress, but significant challenges remain in terms of institutional capacity, financial sustainability, and service delivery. The report emphasizes the need for a more coordinated, strategic, and inclusive approach to ensure that the sector can meet its MDG targets by 2015 and beyond. Priority actions include strengthening institutions, improving financial planning and allocation, and enhancing monitoring and evaluation systems.