2017年-世界发展银行全球_Romania_Workforce_Development___SABER_Country_Report_2017_73页_1mb

Romania Workforce Development Summary

Core Content

This report presents the findings of the SABER-WfD (Systems Approach for Better Education Results - Workforce Development) assessment of Romania's workforce development (WfD) system. The assessment evaluates three functional dimensions: Strategic Framework, System Oversight, and Service Delivery, using a four-point scale to classify the system's development level as Latent, Emerging, Established, or Advanced. Romania's overall rating is Established in the first two dimensions but Emerging in the third.

Main Points

Strategic Framework (Established)

• Overall Rating: 2.8
• Key Findings:
  • Government and non-government leaders advocate for WfD around a shared agenda, though the advocacy is sometimes fragmented.
  • There are shifts in government leadership affecting the consistency of WfD policy direction.
  • Non-government stakeholders' involvement is dependent on the interests of firms and industry organizations.
  • Coordination mechanisms exist, but their effectiveness in implementation is unclear.
• Policy Goals:
  • Setting a Strategic Direction: Established
  • Fostering a Demand-led Approach: Emerging
  • Strengthening Critical Coordination for Implementation: Established

Policy Implications

• Encourage Employer Engagement: Employers and non-government stakeholders should be more actively involved in setting strategic priorities and monitoring implementation.
• Strengthen Sectoral Committees: These committees should play a more active role in developing standards, coordinating with authorities, and facilitating dialogue between schools and companies.
• Conduct Comprehensive Skills Assessments: Regular and detailed skills needs assessments should be used to inform TVET policies and improve alignment with economic priorities.

System Oversight (Established)

• Overall Rating: 2.6
• Key Findings:
  • TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training) is under-funded, especially CVET (Continuing Vocational Education and Training).
  • The National Qualifications Framework (NQF) exists, but the articulation between IVET (Initial Vocational Education and Training) and CVET remains challenging.
  • Funding for CVET is more limited than for IVET, and there is a lack of systematic impact reviews.
  • Partnerships with employers for funding mobilization are limited.
• Policy Goals:
  • Ensuring Efficiency and Equity in Funding: Emerging
  • Assuring Relevant and Reliable Standards: Established
  • Diversifying Pathways for Skills Acquisition: Established

Policy Implications

• Harmonize IVET and CVET Management: Develop a unified framework to ensure articulation and coherence between initial and continuing vocational education.
• Clarify Standards and Qualifications: Strengthen the link between occupational standards, qualifications, and curricula to support smooth progression between IVET and CVET.
• Improve Career Guidance Services: Expand career counseling and guidance to help students and prospective learners make informed choices about vocational training.

Service Delivery (Emerging)

• Overall Rating: 2.4
• Key Findings:
  • Training providers collect administrative data, but there is insufficient data on labor market outcomes and impact assessments.
  • Public TVET institutions have limited mechanisms for quality assurance and professional development for managers.
  • CVET has even fewer structured measures to ensure quality and relevance.
  • The Integrated Information System of Education in Romania (SIIIR) is underutilized for performance assessment and decision-making.
• Policy Goals:
  • Enabling Diversity and Excellence in Training Provision: Emerging
  • Fostering Relevance in Public Training Programs: Emerging
  • Enhancing Evidence-Based Accountability for Results: Emerging

Policy Implications

• Provide Professional Development for Managers: Offer regular training to TVET managers to improve their capacity to implement policies and manage resources effectively.
• Develop a National Data Collection System: Implement a system that uses the 10 EQAVET indicators to better collect, manage, and use data from both IVET and CVET institutions.
• Conduct Impact Evaluations and Tracer Studies: These studies will help improve accountability and ensure the relevance and quality of training programs.

Key Information

• Economic Context:

  • Romania experienced a post-2008 financial crisis with austerity measures and a slow recovery.
  • In 2015, it recorded the highest investment rate in the EU (24.7% of GDP), and real GDP growth reached 4.9% in 2016.
  • Despite growth, Romania has high at-risk-of-poverty and social exclusion (ARoPE) rates, at 37% in 2015, which is among the highest in the EU.
  • The aging population, low Roma labor market participation, and high youth emigration are key challenges for economic growth.

• Demographics:

  • Romania has 19.7 million inhabitants (7th largest in the EU).
  • Population decline due to negative natural growth and international migration.
  • Roma population constitutes 3.09% of the total population, with low labor market participation.

• Education and Training System:

  • TVET is under-funded, especially CVET.
  • A National Qualifications Framework exists, but its implementation is limited.
  • Educational streaming begins after 9 years of schooling, with limited flexibility for IVET students.
  • Career guidance and prior learning recognition are in place but limited in reach and impact.

• Sectoral Focus:

  • Priority sectors include automotive, textiles, food and tobacco processing, chemicals, and ICT.
  • There is a mismatch between the skills offered and the needs of these sectors.
  • Low levels of innovation and productivity growth are attributed to limited competition in the market.

• Recommendations:

  • Strengthen employer and stakeholder engagement in policy setting and implementation.
  • Improve the coordination and articulation of IVET and CVET.
  • Enhance data collection and use for policy decision-making and accountability.
  • Provide professional development for TVET managers.
  • Expand career guidance and support for vulnerable groups.

Conclusion

Romania's WfD system has made progress in strategic framework and system oversight, but remains at an emerging stage in service delivery. To move toward an advanced system, the country needs to enhance employer participation, improve data collection and utilization, and strengthen the alignment and coherence between IVET and CVET. These improvements are essential for addressing the challenges of an aging population, low labor market participation of the Roma community, and the need for a more skilled and competitive workforce.