2013年-世界发展银行全球_Moldova_Workforce_Development___SABER_Country_Report_2013_53页_1mb

Summary of Moldova's Workforce Development (WfD) Policies and Institutions

Core Content

The SABER Country Report on Workforce Development in Moldova (2013) provides an assessment of the country's policies and institutions in the field of workforce development using a systematic analytical framework. The report highlights the challenges Moldova faces in aligning its education system with labor market needs and outlines areas for improvement.

Main Dimensions and Ratings

The report evaluates three key functional dimensions of workforce development:

1. Strategic Framework

• Rating: Emerging (2.0 out of 4)
• Key Points:
  • The Government of Moldova has committed to aligning the education system with labor market needs under the Moldova 2020 National Development Strategy.
  • The Vocational Education and Training (VET) Development Strategy for 2013-2020 was approved and launched, but it is still in the initial stage of implementation.
  • National advocacy involves both government and non-government stakeholders, though coordination is often ad-hoc.
  • Policy Goals:
    • "Setting a Strategic Direction" – 2.0
    • "Fostering a Demand-Driven Approach" – 1.8
    • "Strengthening Critical Coordination" – 2.3
  • Weaknesses:
    • Lack of incentives for skills upgrading for employers.
    • Poor monitoring of existing WfD programs.

2. System Oversight

• Rating: Latent (1.5 out of 4)
• Key Points:
  • A National Qualifications Framework (NQF) is in development.
  • Curriculum alignment with occupational standards and transition to competence-based training have just started.
  • Policy Goals:
    • "Ensuring Efficiency and Equity in Funding" – 1.4
    • "Assuring Relevant and Reliable Standards" – 1.5
    • "Diversifying Pathways for Skills Acquisition" – 1.5
  • Weaknesses:
    • No formal reviews of WfD funding impact on beneficiaries.
    • Need for a fully functional Quality Assurance Agency to ensure training standards.

3. Service Delivery

• Rating: Emerging (1.9 out of 4)
• Key Points:
  • Moldova has a diverse range of training providers for adult education, but the quality of service is low.
  • A better monitoring and evaluation system is needed to improve data reliability and access.
  • Policy Goals:
    • "Enabling Diversity and Excellence in Training Provision" – 2.4
    • "Fostering Relevance in Public Training Programs" – 1.9
    • "Enhancing Evidence-based Accountability for Results" – 1.9
  • Weaknesses:
    • Weak evidence-based accountability practices.
    • Questionable relevance of training programs.

Key Findings and Implications

Weaknesses in the WfD System

• The WfD system in Moldova is weak in conceptualization, oversight, and implementation.
• There is a lack of coordination between stakeholders, and donor support plays a significant role.
• Informal training is not adequately recognized, which affects labor market outcomes for returning migrants.
• Public perception of VET is negative, requiring efforts to improve its appeal and relevance.

Recommendations

• Strengthen leadership and strategic coordination to align WfD policies with national goals.
• Develop a more effective institutional setup for sector-level committees and ensure their sustainability.
• Enhance evidence-based accountability by conducting routine surveys and impact evaluations.
• Ensure quality assurance through institutional and financial support for the Quality Assurance Agency.
• Shift to performance-based funding and improve the relevance of training programs through collaboration with industry.
• Promote recognition of non-formal and informal learning to better reflect the skills acquired by the workforce.
• Improve the attractiveness of VET by diversifying learning pathways and showcasing successful outcomes.

Country Context

• Moldova is a resource-poor, landlocked country undergoing a difficult transition from a planned to a market economy.
• The economy experienced a collapse in the first decade of independence, but recovered with growth rates of over 5% from 2010 to 2013.
• Agriculture remains a significant part of the economy, but its share in GDP has declined from 29% in 2000 to 11% in 2012.
• Informal employment is widespread, particularly in the agricultural sector.
• The informal economy accounts for about 45% of the official GDP, highlighting the need for better data collection and recognition of informal skills.

Conclusion

Moldova's workforce development system is at an initial stage of implementation, with significant gaps in strategic coordination, system oversight, and service delivery. The report emphasizes the importance of systematic data collection, institutional collaboration, and performance-based financing to improve the system. By learning from successful examples in countries like South Korea, Singapore, and the Netherlands, Moldova can develop a more relevant, effective, and sustainable workforce development system.