世界银行-卢旺达难民的可持续生计_一项调查和自力更生措施的结果（英）-2025_25页_1011kb

Analysis of Rwanda's Survey on Sustainable Livelihoods of Refugees

Introduction

This report summarizes findings from a two-round household survey on sustainable livelihoods of refugees in Rwanda, conducted in 2024 and 2025. The survey assessed living conditions, economic status, and well-being across five refugee camps and the Kigali urban area. It was designed to support inclusive support systems, calculate a self-reliance measure (RSRM), and inform policies like the upcoming Refugee Sustainable Graduation Strategy 2025-2030.

Methodology

• Survey Design: Representative sampling using UNHCR ProGres database. First round (2024): 2,020 households; second round (2025): 2,025 households. Two rounds aimed to track changes over time, but only 71% of households were surveyed in both rounds due to attrition. Results prioritize the second round for comparability and revisions.
• RSRM Development: A composite, multidimensional measure developed collaboratively with MINEMA, UNHCR, and WFP. It evaluates self-reliance across seven dimensions: income, labor, education, health, food security, housing, and social capital. Scores range from 0 to 100, with thresholds defining low, moderate, and high self-reliance. Weights reflect Rwanda's policy priorities.

Key Findings

• Demographics: Refugees in Kigeme, Kiziba, Mugombwa, and Nyabiheke camps are predominantly DRC nationals, while Burundi nationals are mostly in Mahama and Kigali. Kigali hosts fewer children and smaller households. Most refugees have been in Rwanda for over 20 years, with children (0-15) being the largest age group in camps.
• Welfare and Challenges:
  • Education and Health: Better access in urban areas; lower education levels in camps. High prevalence of chronic illnesses (e.g., hypertension) and barriers to healthcare. School attendance is high, but nutritional deficiencies and low food consumption are common.
  • Labor and Income: Low employment and labor force participation in camps; high unemployment rates in several camps. Most workers have daily contracts, limiting income. Average household income in camps is low (<FRW 30,000/month), with food insecurity affecting over half of camp households.
  • Self-Reliance: Only 27.4% of refugee households meet minimum self-reliance criteria (0-50% on average). Urban areas show higher self-reliance, but camp conditions pose significant challenges. Burundi nationals in urban areas perform better due to better integration.
• Policy Implications: The RSRM identifies vulnerabilities and guides humanitarian aid targeting, emphasizing the need for support to improve economic opportunities and reduce dependency on assistance.

Conclusion

The survey highlights protracted displacement, with refugees facing severe challenges in food security, labor, and income, especially in camps. While community participation is strong, low self-reliance rates suggest a critical need for targeted interventions. The RSRM is now a key tool for sustainable graduation strategies and will continue to be refined by MINEMA and partners.