2025-06-24-世界银行-让难民自力更生_从援助到撒哈拉以南非洲的就业（英）_162页_5mb

The report "Making Refugee Self-Reliance Work: From Aid to Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa" argues for shifting from conventional aid-based refugee assistance to a development-focused strategy promoting self-reliance, which not only保障 refugees' dignity and autonomy but also creates economic opportunities for host communities. Empirical evidence from the first quarter demonstrates that refugees in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) exhibit high dependency on humanitarian aid. Currently, nearly 80 percent of refugees are hosted in camps and camp-like settings, severely restricting economic self-sufficiency due to lack of access to land, movement, employment, and education. Economic inclusion—granting refugees equivalent access to labor markets, services, and property—is identified as critical for enhancing self-reliance.

Recommendations from the report highlight five areas for improving refugee self-reliance:

1. Ending restrictive encampment: Promote policies that integrate refugees into host communities rather than confining them to camps.
2. Boosting economic participation: Ensure legal rights for refugees to work, access education and healthcare, and own property.
3. Supporting host communities: Link development investments to areas welcoming refugees while mitigating negative spillovers through targeted interventions.
4. Reshaping financing: Move toward predictable, rule-based funding (reminiscent of IDA and P4R models) to incentivize long-term inclusion, avoiding shortfall in accountability or artificially inflated budgets.
5. Investing in preparedness: Create national and regional responses to contain refugee crises before or alongside emergency assistance.

If SSA countries execute these changes systematically, the report anticipates a "triple win"—heightened refugees’ autonomy and job prospects, reduced aid dependency leading to redirected resources toward sustainable development, and economic boons for host governments and the international community. To achieve this, the development and humanitarian sectors must align, backing host countries and prioritizing multiyear funding, flexibility, and respectful engagement rather than standard maintenance methods.