2010-05-01-世界卫生组织-Meningitis_Week_18,_3-9_May_2010_10页_1mb

Meningitis Weekly Bulletin Summary (Week 18, 2010)

I. Epidemiological Situation Week 18 (03–09 May 2010)

• Total Cases (District level): 431 cases reported.
• Total Deaths: 34 deaths.
• Overall Case Fatality Rate (District level): 7.9%.
• Laboratory Testing (District level):
  • NmW135/Other: 62.3% tested confirmatory for Neisseria meningitidis W135 (NmW135) or other meningitis pathogens.
  • Cases tested for Pneumococcal and Hib pathogens were minimal or reported negative/negative only.
• Alerts/Epidemics:
  • Niger: Agadez district in alert (attack rate ~6.8 cases/100,000).
  • Chad: Abéché district in epidemic (attack rate higher than 15 cases/100,000); Béré and Ndjamena East districts in alert.
  • Togo: No epidemic/district alerts during this specific week at the district level this week (though overall data showed activity).

II. Synthesis of Epidemiological Situation (Reported Weeks 01–18, 2010)

• Total Cases: 19,536 cases reported across monitored countries.
• Total Deaths: 2,095 deaths reported.
• Overall Case Fatality Rate (Week 01–18): 10.7%.
• Countries Dominating Cases: Niger, Nigeria, Togo, Chad, Burkina Faso.
• Alert/Epidemic Weeks: Indicates the number of weeks specific districts/countries reached national alert/epidemic thresholds per country.
• Overall Trends: The general trend across reporting periods (until this specific week) shows the epidemics declining, with Chad's Abéché district remaining in epidemic phase at the end of week 18.

III. Laboratory Data (Reported Weeks 01–18, 2010)

• Testing (LCR/Nm): Total samples collected and analyzed combined across countries: 3,151.
• Dominant Pathogens:
  • W135 (NmW135) was slightly predominant.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (NmB 등) accounted for a significant portion.
  • National surveillance data for other pathogen types (e.g., NmC, NmX) showed fewer cases, sometimes concentrated in one country (Burkina Faso for NmX).

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**Summary Insights:**
*   **High Burden:** Several West African countries, particularly Niger and Chad, reported a high burden of meningitis cases during the reporting period.
*   **Case Fatality:** The overall Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was 7.9% during the specific week and 10.7% up to that week, compared to 5.3% in the same period in 2009, indicating slightly elevated fatality in 2010.
*   **Ongoing Situation:** While trends were generally downward, active monitoring and response remained crucial, particularly in Chad (Abéché) and other alerted locations.
*   **Data Volatility:** Worryingly detailed or potentially significant discrepancies noted.

**Countries with significant/Increased Cases/Deaths:**
*   Niger (207 deaths, 8.0% CFR up to week 18)
*   Nigeria (303 deaths, 7.2% CFR up to week 18)
*   Togo (76 deaths, 23.8% CFR)
*   Burkina Faso (807 deaths, 14.0% CFR)
*   Chad (216 deaths, 8.2% CFR)