2014年-世界发展银行全球_The_GEF-6_Biodiversity_Strategy_40页_2mb

GEF-6 Biodiversity Strategy Summary

Core Content

The GEF-6 Biodiversity Strategy (2014-2018) outlines a comprehensive approach to addressing biodiversity loss and supporting the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the Aichi Targets. It emphasizes the need for landscape-level and sector-wide approaches, integrating biodiversity conservation with sustainable development across various sectors and ecosystems.

The strategy is composed of ten programs, each targeting specific drivers of biodiversity loss and aiming to achieve four main objectives:

1. Improve the sustainability of protected area systems
2. Reduce threats to biodiversity
3. Sustainably use biodiversity
4. Mainstream biodiversity conservation and sustainable use into production landscapes and sectors

Additionally, the strategy addresses the underlying driver of biodiversity loss—the failure to account for and price the full economic value of ecosystems and biodiversity—marking a significant shift from previous strategies.

Main Points

1. Biodiversity and Its Importance

• Biodiversity encompasses genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity.
• It underpins ecosystem goods and services essential for human survival and well-being.
• Biodiversity loss is irreversible and occurs at a rate 1,000 to 10,000 times the natural background rate.

2. Drivers of Biodiversity Loss

• The five main direct drivers are:
  • Habitat change
  • Overexploitation or unsustainable use
  • Invasive alien species
  • Climate change
  • Pollution
• Habitat loss is the most significant, affecting over 80% of threatened species.
• Overexploitation affects 70%, and invasive species affect 30%.
• Climate change and pollution are less impactful, affecting less than 20% and 10% of threatened species, respectively.

3. COP Guidance and Funding

• The COP-11 guidance to GEF-6 emphasized supporting the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the Nagoya Protocol.
• The GEF-6 biodiversity focal area received $1.296 billion in donor pledges, making it the largest individual focal area.
• The estimated cost to implement the Strategic Plan and achieve Aichi Targets in GEF-eligible countries ranges from $35 to $87 billion, with GEF’s incremental contribution between $5 to $29 billion.

4. Rationale and Approach

• The strategy focuses on three principal direct drivers: habitat loss, overexploitation, and invasive alien species.
• It also addresses the underlying economic driver of biodiversity loss, promoting the mainstreaming of biodiversity considerations into policies and practices.
• Ecosystem-based adaptation is integrated into the strategy, supporting nature-based solutions to climate change impacts.
• The strategy encourages innovative private sector engagement and aims to complement, not replace, public sector support.

5. Gender Considerations

• Rural women and men play distinct but vital roles in biodiversity management, particularly in agrobiodiversity and wildlife conservation.
• GEF projects will incorporate gender-sensitive indicators and sex-disaggregated data to ensure equitable participation and outcomes.
• The Gender Plan of Action from COP-9 and subsequent COP resolutions highlight the importance of gender mainstreaming in biodiversity programs.

Key Programs and Objectives

Objective 1: Improve Sustainability of Protected Area Systems

• GEF support aims to enhance the financial sustainability and management effectiveness of protected areas.
• A sustainable protected area system is defined as one that:
  • Protects ecologically viable and climate-resilient ecosystems
  • Provides adequate coverage for threatened species
  • Has sufficient and predictable financial resources
  • Retains institutional and individual capacity

Objective 2: Reduce Threats to Biodiversity

• This objective focuses on threat reduction through direct conservation, sustainable use, and ecosystem-based adaptation.
• It includes initiatives to combat invasive species, manage overexploitation, and enhance ecosystem resilience.

Objective 3: Sustainably Use Biodiversity

• Emphasizes the sustainable use of biodiversity resources, including agricultural, fisheries, and forestry.
• Promotes eco-friendly practices and economic valuation of ecosystem goods and services.

Objective 4: Mainstream Biodiversity Conservation

• Aims to integrate biodiversity considerations into production landscapes, seascapes, and sectors.
• Encourages policy reform, corporate alliances, and capacity building to ensure biodiversity is a central component of development planning.

Conclusion

The GEF-6 Biodiversity Strategy is designed to achieve transformational results by addressing both direct and underlying drivers of biodiversity loss. It emphasizes systemic and integrated approaches, gender mainstreaming, and private sector engagement, with a focus on long-term sustainability and global environmental benefits. The strategy also supports the revision of National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) and provides a framework for achieving the Aichi Targets through targeted investments and cross-sectoral collaboration.