2014年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Djibouti_Country_Profile_2013_15页_834kb

Djibouti Country Profile 2013 Summary

Core Content Overview

The Djibouti Country Profile 2013 provides a detailed analysis of the business environment, focusing on the challenges faced by firms in the non-agricultural formal private sector. It includes data from the Enterprise Surveys, which are conducted by the World Bank and its partner institutions to assess firm performance and the factors influencing it. The report benchmarks Djibouti's indicators against the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) region and the Lower Middle Income group.

Main Topics and Key Indicators

1. Business Environment Obstacles

• Top 10 Constraints: Firms in Djibouti identify various obstacles, including corruption, inefficient regulations, and delays in obtaining licenses and permits.
• Top 3 Constraints by Firm Size:
  • Small firms face delays in obtaining licenses and permits.
  • Medium firms experience similar issues.
  • Large firms are more affected by corruption and delays in obtaining permits.

2. Average Firm Characteristics

• Age of Firms: The average firm age is 15.8 years, with small firms being younger and large firms older.
• Gender Participation:
  • 14.2% of firms have female top managers.
  • 22.3% of firms have female participation in ownership.
• Ownership Structure:
  • 75.9% of firms are sole proprietorships.
  • 12.2% are partnerships.
  • 8.6% are closed shareholding companies.
  • 2.3% are open shareholding companies.

3. Infrastructure

• Electricity:
  • 1.6 power outages per month.
  • 2.8% of sales lost due to power outages.
  • 34.1 days delay in obtaining an electrical connection.
• Water Supply:
  • 2.1 water shortages per month.
  • 5.9 hours average duration of water shortage.
  • 16.1 days delay in obtaining a water connection.
• Telecom Services:
  • N/A for Djibouti and firm sizes, but 15.7 days delay in obtaining a mainline telephone connection in the region.

4. Trade

• Exporter Firms: 22.4% of firms export directly or indirectly.
• Foreign Inputs: 71.4% of firms use foreign material inputs or supplies.
• Customs Delays:
  • 10.4 days for direct exports.
  • 5.2 days for imports.
• Transport Risks:
  • 0.1% of export value lost due to theft.
  • 0.1% of export value lost due to breakage or spoilage.

5. Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing

• Corruption:
  • 10.7% of firms face graft.
  • 43.3% of firms are expected to give gifts to secure government contracts.
• Business Licensing Delays:
  • 38.1 days to obtain a construction-related permit.
  • 8.8 days to obtain an operating license.
• Tax Inspections:
  • 0.6 visits per year with tax officials.
  • 5.3% of senior management time spent on government regulation requirements.
• Legal Forms:
  • 75.9% sole proprietorships.
  • 8.6% closed shareholding companies.
  • 2.3% open shareholding companies.
  • 12.2% partnerships.
  • 0.3% limited partnerships.

6. Corruption

• Graft Index:
  • 10.7% of firms in Djibouti were asked to pay a bribe.
  • 27.1% in the MENA region and 14.3% in the Lower Middle Income group.
• Gifts to Tax Inspectors:
  • 3.4% of firms expect to give gifts during meetings with tax inspectors.
• Gifts for Government Contracts:
  • 43.3% of firms expect to give gifts for government contracts.
• Gifts for Construction Permits:
  • 19.9% of firms expect to give gifts for construction permits.
• Gifts for Import Licenses:
  • 12.3% of firms expect to give gifts for import licenses.

7. Crime and Informality

• Perception of Court Fairness:
  • 47.1% of firms believe the court system is fair, impartial, and uncorrupted.
• Security Costs:
  • 1.6% of sales spent on security.
• Losses Due to Crime:
  • 0.5% of sales lost due to theft, robbery, vandalism, and arson.
• Informality:
  • 98.5% of firms are formally registered when they started operations.

8. Finance

• Internal Finance: 79.7% of firms rely on internal finance for investment.
• Bank Finance: 13.8% of firms use bank finance for investment.
• Trade Credit: 3.6% of firms use trade credit for investment.
• Equity and Stock Sales: 1.8% of firms use equity or stock sales for investment.
• External Working Capital: 15.9% of firms use external working capital.
• Collateral Requirements:
  • 227.9% of loan value required as collateral.
• Bank Loans: 30.5% of firms have bank loans or lines of credit.
• Bank Accounts: 91.6% of firms have checking or savings accounts.

9. Innovation and Workforce

• Quality Certification: 17.3% of firms have internationally recognized quality certification.
• External Auditing: 43.9% of firms have their annual financial statements reviewed by an external auditor.
• Website Use: 40.7% of firms use their own websites.
• Email Usage: 71.6% of firms use email to communicate with clients and suppliers.
• Workforce Composition:
  • 3.3 average temporary workers.
  • 26.3 average permanent, full-time workers.
  • 26.6% of full-time workers are female.

Key Findings

• Djibouti has a strong informal sector, with 98.5% of firms formally registered when they started operations.
• Corruption is a major issue, with a Graft Index of 10.7, significantly higher than the regional average of 2.0.
• Regulatory burdens are high, especially for construction permits, which take 38.1 days on average.
• Infrastructure challenges are significant, including frequent power outages and water shortages, which affect firm productivity and sales.
• Firms rely heavily on internal finance for investment, with only 13.8% using bank finance.
• Female participation in management and ownership is relatively high compared to the regional average.
• ICT usage is growing, with 71.6% of firms using email and 40.7% having their own websites.

Conclusion

The Enterprise Surveys highlight the challenges in Djibouti's business environment, particularly in terms of corruption, regulatory inefficiencies, and infrastructure limitations. These issues affect firm productivity, investment, and growth. However, female participation and ICT adoption are relatively positive trends, suggesting potential for improvement in certain areas. The data also indicates a high level of informality, which may impact market competition and firm performance. Overall, the report serves as a valuable tool for policy makers and researchers to understand and improve the business environment in Djibouti.