2008年-世界发展银行全球_Sustainable_Land_Management_Sourcebook_196页_4mb

Sustainable Land Management Sourcebook Summary

Core Content

The Sustainable Land Management Sourcebook is a publication by the World Bank, aimed at providing practical guidance for sustainable land management (SLM) in agriculture and rural development. It highlights the importance of SLM in addressing poverty, promoting economic growth, and ensuring environmental sustainability. The sourcebook is designed to be a reference guide for practitioners, including World Bank stakeholders, borrowing country clients, and project leaders, offering insights into good land management approaches, investment innovations, and monitoring practices.

The document is organized into three main parts:

1. Part I: Sustainable Land Management – Challenges and Opportunities
2. Part II: Major Farming Systems – Investment Options and Innovations
3. Part III: Web-Based Resources

Main Views

1. Importance of Sustainable Land Management

• 75% of the world's poor live in rural areas, and most are involved in farming.
• Agriculture remains a key driver of economic growth, poverty alleviation, and environmental sustainability.
• The World Bank's Rural Strategy (Reaching the Rural Poor) emphasizes the need to support agricultural growth that benefits the poor.
• SLM is critical to maintain land productivity without degrading natural resources and ecosystem services.

2. Drivers and Impacts of Global Change

• Climate change, population growth, and increased demand for food, feed, and bio-energy are major drivers of land use change.
• These changes can lead to land degradation, loss of biodiversity, and compromised livelihoods.
• The need for sustainable practices is growing due to environmental pressures and economic constraints.

3. Investment in SLM

• The World Bank encourages investments in SLM to support poverty reduction, agricultural growth, and natural resource management.
• Investment Notes and Innovative Activity Profiles (IAPs) provide case studies, practical examples, and research contacts for readers seeking actionable insights.
• The focus is on rainfed farming systems, which cover over 540 million hectares and involve 1.4 billion people.

Key Information

1. Investment Notes and IAPs

• Investment Notes include:

  • Science and local innovation in Central America to improve livestock profitability and environmental friendliness.
  • Soybean as a versatile crop for poverty alleviation in Africa.
  • Balancing rainforest conservation with poverty reduction.
  • Groundwater management and climate change adaptation strategies.
  • High-value cash crops in semiarid regions (e.g., cumin in Syria).
  • Forage legumes and participatory breeding programs for semiarid areas.

• Innovative Activity Profiles cover:

  • Species diversity in fallow lands of Southern Cameroon.
  • Domestication of forest tree crops in the tropics.
  • Avoided deforestation and carbon emission reduction.
  • On-farm integration of freshwater agriculture and aquaculture in the Mekong Delta.
  • Land degradation surveillance and monitoring techniques.

2. Web-Based Resources

• The sourcebook highlights various web-based tools and methods for SLM:
  • Global Field and Market Intelligence on cereals and oilseeds.
  • Remote-sensing tools for water resource management.
  • Hydrological data and digital watershed maps.
  • Basin and watershed-scale modeling.
  • Flood tracking systems like the Dartmouth Flood Observatory.
  • Plant biodiversity surveys, classification, and mapping.
  • MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) for agricultural monitoring.
  • Integrated Global Observations for Land and operational land observation systems.

3. Challenges and Trade-Offs

• Land management trade-offs are discussed, including economic development vs. environmental protection.
• Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework is used to assess land degradation and ecosystem services.
• Household strategies for improving livelihoods are explored, emphasizing community participation and local innovation.
• Key safeguard policy issues are identified for SLM and natural resource management investments.

Future Directions

• The sourcebook is intended to be updated and expanded as new investment initiatives and knowledge become available.
• Future editions will cover remaining farming systems, such as:
  • Irrigated farming systems with a wide range of food and cash crops.
  • Wetland rice-based systems dependent on monsoon rains and irrigation.
  • Dualistic farming systems with both large-scale commercial and smallholder farms across diverse ecologies.
• The first edition focuses on three major rainfed systems:
  • Rainfed in humid and subhumid areas.
  • Rainfed in highlands and sloping areas.
  • Rainfed in dry (semiarid and arid) areas.

The Sourcebook as a Living Document

• The sourcebook is a collaborative effort, drawing on institutional partners, research experts, and practitioners.
• It includes contributions from CGIAR centers, national and international organizations, and academia.
• The focus on practical application and user-friendly information makes it a valuable resource for policy formulation, development planning, and project implementation.
• Readers are encouraged to check current status of IAPs by contacting the named individuals in each profile.

Conclusion

The Sustainable Land Management Sourcebook serves as a comprehensive guide for sustainable agriculture, rural development, and natural resource management. It underscores the importance of SLM in addressing poverty, climate change, and land degradation, while also highlighting the need for innovation, investment, and collaboration. The document is practical, action-oriented, and continually evolving to reflect new knowledge and experiences.