2006-12-31-世界卫生组织-2007_GYTS_Country_Report_Bangladesh_23页_77kb

Summary of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and Global School Personnel Survey (GSPS) 2007 in Bangladesh

I. Introduction

Tobacco use is a major cause of preventable death, disease, and disability globally. In Bangladesh, tobacco use is widespread, with 20 million people using tobacco in various forms, including 5 million women. The country has implemented national tobacco control strategies and is a party to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). However, enforcement remains weak, and there is a need for increased awareness and social mobilization.

The Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) includes the GYTS and GSPS, which provide data for monitoring tobacco use among youth and school personnel, respectively. This report summarizes findings from the 2007 GYTS and GSPS in Bangladesh, highlighting key indicators such as smoking prevalence, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), media influence, and cessation efforts.

II. Methods

• GYTS was a school-based survey using a two-stage cluster sampling method.
  • Sample: 52 schools, 3,113 students.
  • Response Rates: 100% school response, 88.9% student response.
  • Data Collection: Self-administered questionnaires in classrooms.
  • Analysis: Used SUDAAN for statistical analysis, with weighting to adjust for non-response and selection probability.
• GSPS was conducted among the same 52 schools, including teachers and administrative staff.
  • Data Collection: Self-administered questionnaires in schools.
  • Analysis: Similar statistical methods as GYTS.

III. Results from the GYTS 2007

Prevalence

• Ever smoked cigarettes: 9.3% (9.3% of all students).
• Boys (15.8%) are significantly more likely to have ever smoked than girls (4.8%).
• Smoked first cigarette before age 10: 38.6%.
• Susceptibility to initiate smoking in the next year: 13.2% among never smokers.
• Current cigarette smokers: 2.0%.
• Current users of other tobacco products: 6.0%.
• Tobacco dependency (morning craving): 1.0%.

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS)

• Exposure at home: 34.7%.
• Exposure in public places: 42.2%.
• Desire to ban smoking in public places: 74.9%.

School Curriculum

• Taught about tobacco dangers: 54.2%.
• Discussed reasons for tobacco use: 36.9%.

Media and Advertising

• Pro-tobacco ads seen on billboards: 73.5%.
• Pro-tobacco ads seen in magazines: 64.0%.
• Students with tobacco logos on items: 12.8%.
• Offered free cigarettes: 6.4%.

Cessation

• Desire to quit smoking: 70.7%.
• Attempted to quit in the past year: 85.0%.
• Received help to quit: 90.1%.

Access and Availability

• Purchased cigarettes in stores: 38.3%.
• Never refused purchase due to age: 97.8%.
• Offered free cigarettes: 6.4%.

IV. Results from the GSPS 2007

Prevalence

• Current tobacco users among school personnel: 52%.
• Smokers: 23.4% (cigarettes), 9.2% (bidis).
• Users of other tobacco products: 19.4% (especially chewing tobacco).
• Male smoking rate: 39.5%, female: 3.5%.

School Policies

• 97.0% of school personnel believe schools should have smoking bans.
• Only 66.7% of schools have policies for students, and 50% have policies for staff.
• Enforcement of policies: Only 50% of schools with policies enforce them.

Tobacco-Related Curricula

• Two-thirds of school personnel report teaching about tobacco use prevention.
• Occasional discussions are often mistaken for comprehensive education.
• Training for teachers: Only less than 5% of school personnel received training on tobacco use prevention.

V. Discussions

GYTS

• Tobacco use is still high among students and teachers, with higher prevalence among girls.
• Laws exist to ban smoking in some public places and tobacco advertising in certain media, but enforcement is weak.
• High susceptibility among youth indicates the need for targeted prevention programs.
• Lack of effective cessation programs is a major concern for youth tobacco control.

GSPS

• High prevalence of tobacco use among school personnel highlights the need for policy implementation and staff education.
• There is a gap between policy belief and practice, with many schools not enforcing existing rules.
• Curriculum integration and teacher training are essential for effective tobacco control in schools.

VI. Conclusion

Bangladesh has taken steps to address tobacco use, including ratifying the WHO FCTC and developing national strategies. However, the implementation and enforcement of existing policies remain inadequate. Both GYTS and GSPS indicate that tobacco use is still prevalent among students and school staff, and youth susceptibility is high. There is a clear need for a comprehensive, broad-based approach to tobacco control, focusing on both prevention and cessation efforts.

VII. Recommendations

1. Focus on girl smokers and those at risk of initiating smoking.
2. Strengthen enforcement of existing tobacco control laws.
3. Ban smoking in additional public places, such as universities, government facilities, and indoor workplaces.
4. Implement smoke-free policies in all schools and include tobacco use prevention in the curriculum.
5. Prohibit tobacco advertising at the point of sale, in media, and near educational institutions.
6. Develop smoking cessation support at both health facility and community levels.