2022-07-26-世界卫生组织-Monkeypox,_COVID-19_Other_Global_Health_Issues_Virtual_Press_conference_transcript_-_27_July_2022_20页_161kb

报告摘要

Cases: 18,000+ cases reported across 78 countries, with ~70% in Europe and 25% in the Americas.
Mortality: 5 deaths reported.
High-Risk Group: Men who have sex with men (MSM) predominate (~99% of cases), though anyone exposed is at risk.

General: Reduce personal risk by avoiding close contact with sick individuals, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining overall awareness.
MSM: Temporarily reduce sexual partners, reconsider new contacts, and share contact details for follow-up if needed.
Household: Avoid prolonged close skin-to-skin contact with infected individuals.
Sexual Transmission: Use condoms is not recommended as monkeypox transmission requires very close contact; focus on avoiding intimate contact.

Targeted: Vaccinate those exposed to monkeypox and high-risk groups (e.g., healthcare workers, lab personnel, multiple-partner individuals).
Not Mass: Mass vaccination is not recommended at this time due to limited data on vaccine effectiveness/dosage and availability challenges.
Available Vaccines: MVA-BN is approved in the EU, US, and Canada. LC16 and ACAM2000 are under consideration. Data is lacking on effectiveness and required doses.
Vaccine Availability: ~16 million MVA-BN doses exist globally, mostly in bulk form requiring time to convert to finished doses. WHO encourages sharing smallpox vaccines with countries without access. Discussions with manufacturers are ongoing to increase filling/finishing capacity and secure bulk for future needs.

WHO is developing a research framework to study vaccine effectiveness, optimal dosing, and prevention strategies.
Emphasis on strengthening surveillance, contact tracing, and clinical management.
Need to collect data on vaccine effectiveness and safety.

WHO declared a PHEIC due to the international concern posed by the outbreak.
Continuous emphasis on equitable access to vaccines and combating stigma/discrimination.

Ghana Update: New cases reported. Outbreak investigation ongoing, requiring thorough contact tracing.
Research: Active research & development for Marburg vaccines and therapeutics is underway by the R&D Blueprint.

Lessons Learned: Targeted vaccination prioritizing at-risk groups (healthcare workers, elderly, highest risk individuals) is crucial for controlling the pandemic.
Doses/Fractals Need: mRNA vaccines require second doses. More vaccine types needed that are easier to administer or effective for severely immunocompromised.
Access Equity: Ensuring fair distribution of existing and new COVID-19 tools to all countries remains vital.

Naming Monkeypox: WHO separates disease/variant/case naming. A scientific committee is reviewing options to replace "monkeypox."
Transmission Mode: While sexually transmitted monkeypox does occur, the primary mode is close person-to-person contact (skin-to-skin, prolonged). No vaccine currently prevents transmission efficiently.
Origin of COVID-19: While new studies provide more information, WHO emphasizes the need for further investigation (especially serologic studies in Wuhan markets) and learning from the pandemic to prepare for the future, not assigning blame.

Vulnerable Groups: Children, pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk of severe disease (dehydration, scarring, eye lesions, encephalitis).

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