欧委会-2020年数字经济与社会指数报告（英文）-2020.7-124页_2mb

报告摘要

DESI 2020 Summary

Core Content

The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2020 is a comprehensive assessment of the digital performance of EU Member States. It provides a framework to monitor and evaluate the progress of digital competitiveness and the impact of digital transformation on economies and societies. The index is structured around five key dimensions: Connectivity, Human Capital, Use of Internet Services, Integration of Digital Technology, and Digital Public Services.

Main Views and Key Information

1. Connectivity

Broadband Coverage: In 2019, 86% of households had access to Next Generation Access (NGA) broadband, up from 83% the previous year. Fixed broadband coverage reached 44% of households.
VHCNs (Very High Capacity Networks): These networks, available via FTTP or DOCSIS 3.1, are present in 44% of households. Malta, Denmark, and Luxembourg lead with coverage of at least 90%.
Mobile Broadband: 78% of households had a fixed broadband subscription in 2019, up from 70% five years ago. 4G coverage is nearly universal, but 5G readiness remains limited, with only 17 Member States having assigned spectrum in the 5G pioneer bands.
Prices: Broadband prices have been decreasing, with the price index indicating improved affordability.
Gigabit Society: Progress towards a Gigabit society is ongoing, with the EU supporting National Broadband Plans (NBP).
WiFi4EU: Municipalities require more connectivity, and WiFi4EU aims to provide free public WiFi in Europe.
Spectrum Management: Harmonised radio spectrum is essential for future 5G investments and wireless digital services.

2. Human Capital

Digital Skills: 58% of individuals had at least basic digital skills in 2019, up from 55% in 2015. However, many still lack these skills.
ICT Specialists: In 2018, 9.1 million people worked as ICT specialists across the EU, with a significant shortage reported. 64% of large enterprises and 56% of SMEs faced difficulties in hiring ICT specialists.
Gender Gap: Only 16% of ICT specialists are female, highlighting a gender imbalance.
EU Code Week: Promotes digital skills and coding education, with 55% of participants in 2019 and a notable female participation rate.

3. Use of Internet Services

Internet Usage: 85% of Europeans used the internet at least once a week in 2019, up from 75% in 2014. Denmark, Sweden, and the Netherlands had the highest usage rates (95%).
Online Activities: 60% of internet users engaged in video calls, up from 49% in 2018. 66% used internet banking, and 71% engaged in online shopping.
Non-Users: 11% of individuals never used the internet, a significant proportion in some countries.
Impact of Pandemic: The pandemic significantly increased internet usage for teleworking, e-commerce, and e-government services.

4. Integration of Digital Technology

Business Digitisation: Large enterprises are more digitised than SMEs. 38.5% of large companies used advanced cloud services, and 32.7% used big data analytics.
SMEs: Only 17.5% of SMEs sold online in 2019, showing a slight increase from 2016. Cloud computing and big data adoption is still low among SMEs.
E-Commerce: 39% of large enterprises engaged in online sales in 2019, with Ireland, Finland, Belgium, and the Netherlands leading in business digitisation.
B2B, B2G, B2C: 39% of enterprises used B2C online sales, while B2B and B2G are also growing.

5. Digital Public Services

e-Government: 67% of internet users who submitted forms to public authorities used online channels, up from 57% in 2014. Estonia, Spain, Denmark, Finland, and Latvia are top performers.
Pre-filled Forms: Pre-filled forms are being used more effectively, improving efficiency and user experience.
Open Data: Open data initiatives are improving, supporting transparency and innovation.
User Centricity: User centricity is increasing, with a focus on ease of use and personalisation.
Cross-border Mobility: Enhancing cross-border digital mobility is crucial for EU-wide services.

Conclusion

The DESI 2020 highlights the progress in digital transformation across the EU, with Ireland, Netherlands, Malta, and Spain leading in overall digitisation. The pandemic has underscored the importance of digital infrastructure, skills, and services. The EU is actively supporting digital recovery through funding, regulation, and initiatives like WiFi4EU and Horizon 2020. Cybersecurity, AI, and supercomputing are also key areas of focus, with ongoing efforts to improve security and trust in digital services.