联合国贸易发展委员会-处于十字路口的援助_官方发展援助的趋势（英）_22页_3mb

ODA to developing regions continues downward trend

Official Development Assistance (ODA) to developing regions decreased by an average real annual rate of 2% since 2020. In 2023, ODA reached $160 billion (a nominal record of $163 billion), missing the 0.7% GNI target by nearly 50%.

Key trends

• Third consecutive decline in real terms after record highs in 2021 and 2022.
• Africa experienced the biggest decline (-6.8% in real terms).
• ODA toward least developed countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) reversed their declines, increasing by 3.5% and 2.6% respectively.
• ODA for humanitarian aid surged to a record $31 billion (+12% compared to 2022).

Multilateral vs. bilateral donors

• Multilateral donors increased mildly (+0.3%) , while bilateral donors decreased (-1%).
• Europe remains the top bilateral donor (25% of ODA).

Instrument changes

• Grants increased after two years of decline (+2.5%), but ODA loans decreased significantly (-7.6%), leading to concerns about debt sustainability.
• Grants remain dominant (72% of total ODA to developing countries).

Regional breakdown

• Latin America and the Caribbean saw the fastest ODA decline (-14.5%).
• Asia and Oceania experienced a rebound (∼7.1%).
• Social infrastructure remained the largest ODA component (39% of total), declining in real terms.

Looking ahead

• ODA could decrease by another 15-20% in 2025 if current fiscal consolidation plans proceed.
• Demands for aid effectiveness reform and greater domestic resource mobilization are growing.
• For LDCs, ODA still falls short of the 0.7% GNI target.