2021年电动汽车基础设施发展障碍报告（英）-68页_1mb

Summary of the Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Barriers Research Report

Core Content

This report, commissioned by Transport & Environment, identifies key barriers to the growth and effective operation of the UK's electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure network and proposes policy solutions to address them. The research was conducted between October and December 2020, and the findings reflect Cenex's best understanding of the subject at that time. The report is structured around four main themes, each highlighting a specific challenge, and outlines 21 potential solutions with detailed scoring and ranking.

Main Viewpoints

The report emphasizes that the UK's EV charging infrastructure development is hindered by a combination of policy, financial, and market-related issues. These include:

• Unclear and under-resourced public sector roles: Local authorities lack clear guidance and sufficient funding to manage EV infrastructure effectively.
• High costs of grid reinforcement: The cost of upgrading the electricity grid to support high-power charging is prohibitive, and private sector involvement is not always feasible.
• Inability to meet user needs in unattractive locations: The lack of enforceable planning requirements and legal obligations hinders the installation of chargepoints in areas that are not commercially viable.
• Market competition undermining the driver experience: Poor data transparency and inconsistent pricing structures create confusion and reduce consumer confidence.

Key Information

Barriers Identified

1. Poorly Defined and Inadequately Resourced Role of Public Sector

   • Impact: 9, Scale: 9, Total Score: 81, Rank: 1
   • Sub-barriers:
     • Variance in local authority engagement
     • Lack of strategic clarity and delivery capability
     • Government reluctance to enforce regulations

2. Cost of High-Power Charging Infrastructure Installations

   • Impact: 9, Scale: 8, Total Score: 72, Rank: 2
   • Sub-barriers:
     • Inaccessible capital funding
     • Prohibitively expensive grid reinforcement
     • Lack of transparency in network status and costs

3. Difficulty Meeting User Needs in Commercially Unattractive Locations

   • Impact: 8, Scale: 8, Total Score: 64, Rank: 3
   • Sub-barriers:
     • Leaseholders and tenants unable to install chargepoints
     • Absence of enforceable planning requirements
     • Low profitability in less lucrative locations

4. Market Competition Harming the Electric Vehicle Driver Experience

   • Impact: 7, Scale: 7, Total Score: 49, Rank: 4
   • Sub-barriers:
     • Lack of open and accurate data
     • Inconsistent pricing structures
     • Exclusivity agreements limiting access

Priority Barriers

The top five barriers, based on impact and scale scores, are:

1. Capital and revenue funding – Lack of funding prevents local authorities from effectively managing EV infrastructure.
2. Lack of accessible, clearly targeted capital funding – High grid reinforcement costs are not being adequately covered.
3. Absence of accurate open data – Private data sources limit the development of user-focused software solutions.
4. Absence of enforceable planning requirements – Developers are not required to support EV infrastructure in new projects.
5. Property leaseholders and tenants cannot unilaterally install domestic chargepoints – Legal and financial barriers prevent access in communal spaces.

Proposed Solutions

Top 10 Solutions

1. Provide clear guidance and obligation for local authorities – Ensures consistent and national coverage of EV infrastructure.
2. Develop and publish official guidance for local authorities – Reduces the need for revenue funding and supports quality delivery.
3. Create a government-sponsored network – Facilitates knowledge sharing and best practice among local authorities.
4. Introduce secondary legislation to regulate service standards – Ensures reliability and access across the EV chargepoint network.
5. Target Rapid Charging Fund at electricity network upgrades – Addresses market failure in grid reinforcement.
6. Update National Planning Policy Framework – Encourages planning authorities to support EV infrastructure.
7. Fund a new open EV chargepoint database – Enhances transparency and enables software innovation.
8. Introduce a legal definition of price transparency – Helps consumers make informed decisions.
9. Make Rapid Charging Fund payable only to electricity network operators – Ensures funds are used where they are most needed.
10. Further specify "ad hoc access" – Clarifies the intent of the original regulations and improves consumer confidence.

Linking Barriers to Solutions

The report includes a matrix linking each barrier to the proposed solutions, with scores indicating the strength of the connection (1–3). This allows for prioritization and targeted implementation of solutions.

Conclusion

The report concludes that the UK's EV charging infrastructure is facing significant challenges that must be addressed through coordinated policy action, increased funding, and improved transparency and regulation. The proposed solutions aim to resolve these barriers and support the transition to a zero-carbon transport system. The emphasis is on creating a sustainable, accessible, and user-friendly EV charging network that meets the needs of all UK residents.