2001-12-31-世界卫生组织-2002_STEPS_Country_report_Micronesia_Federated_States_of_127页_5mb

Federated States of Micronesia (Pohnpei) NCD STEPS Report Summary

Key Findings by Risk Factor:

Behavioral Risk Factors

• Tobacco Use:
  • Overall current smokers: 31.6%
  • Men (42.0%) vs. Women (21.0%)
  • Daily smokers: 25.5% (Men: 34.8%, Women: 16.1%)
  • Mean age of initiation: 17.3 years
• Betel Nut Chewing:
  • Overall current chewers: 29.9%
  • Men (43.5%) vs. Women (16.0%)
• Alcohol Consumption:
  • Overall current drinkers: 28.7%
  • Men (47.5%) vs. Women (9.9%)
  • High-risk drinking (≥5 drinks/day): 35.1% of men
• Diet:
  • <5 servings of fruits & vegetables/day: 81.8% of population
  • Fruit servings: 1.5 average, Vegetable servings: 2.0 average
• Physical Activity:
  • Only 55.7% classified as physically active (≥600 MET-min/week)

Physical and Biochemical Risk Factors

• BMI and Overweight/Obesity:
  • 73.1% overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m²), 42.6% obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m²)
  • Women significantly more likely to be overweight/obese
• Blood Pressure:
  • Hypertension prevalence: 21.2% (Men: 26.8%, Women: 15.6%)
• Fasting Blood Glucose:
  • Diabetes prevalence: 32.1% (Men: 26.4%, Women: 37.1%)
• Cholesterol:
  • 46.6% with raised blood cholesterol (≥5.2 mmol/L or ≥200 mg/dL)

Combined Risk Factors

• Non-communicable Disease Risk Categories (high vs. low):
  • 1.0% low-risk (no risk factors), 56.7% high-risk (3-5 risk factors)
  • High-risk prevalence: 42.3% at moderate risk (1-2 risk factors)

Summary Conclusions and Priority Populations:

• NCD risk factors are widespread: tobacco use, poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity, high BP, and diabetes are prevalent (high prevalence seen across all age groups, with particular concern in younger adults).
• High proportions with metabolic complications alone or in combination increase NCD burden.
• The 25–44-year age group shows high prevalence of multiple risk factors (often 4–5 out of 5).

Priority Recommendations:

1. Address policy, organizational and environmental factors:
   • Strengthen tobacco control implementation.
   • Increase production and availability of fruit and vegetables.
   • Develop policies on healthy food imports and physical activity-friendly environments.
   • Establish sustainable funding for NCD programs.
   • Strengthen healthcare infrastructure and staffing.
2. Address key risk factors with targeted interventions:
   • Comprehensive anti-smoking campaigns and cessation programs.
   • Reduce alcohol consumption, especially among men.
   • Promote fruit and vegetable intake and reduce high-fat, high-salt foods.
   • Increase physical activity opportunities and aim for lifelong physical activity.
   • Improve screening and treatment for hypertension and diabetes.
3. Maintain quality surveillance and partnerships:
   • Continue and expand the STEPS surveillance for ongoing monitoring.
   • Build coalitions with governments, NGOs, and private sectors.

Note:

This summary presents statistical significance and confidence intervals where available in the original report.