2024-06-02-世界银行-赤道几内亚数字经济诊断（英）_194页_11mb

Digital Economy Diagnostic for Equatorial Guinea

Overview

• Goal: Support Equatorial Guinea's digital transformation to diversify its economy beyond oil.
• Digital Economy Foundations: Addresses infrastructure, platforms, financial services, businesses, and skills.
• Key Issues:
  • Regulatory Barriers: Ineffective regulator (ORTEL), quasi-monopolies, outdated laws.
  • Connectivity Gaps: Low broadband penetration (7.8 subscriptions per 100 people), high costs.
  • Skills Shortage: Limited digital literacy, especially in education.
  • Interoperability: Siloed systems in public sector, lack of national ID and e-signature frameworks.

1. Digital Infrastructure

• Progress: Negotiations reduced mobile data prices by 50%, enhancing affordability.
• Challenges:
  • International Bandwidth: High costs, lacks redundancy.
  • Last Mile: Insufficient fiber backbone, reliance on microwave networks.
  • Connectivity: Only 7.8% mobile broadband subscriptions, limited rural coverage.
• Recommendations:
  • Declare international bandwidth market relevant, adopt cost-oriented regulations.
  • Expand fiber backbone, leverage infrastructure sharing.

2. Digital Public Platforms

• Progress: Pilot digital civil registry in Malabo; laws on data protection introduced.
• Challenges:
  • Legislation: Outdated laws (e.g., 1965 procurement law), missing cybersecurity framework.
  • Governance: Siloed systems, no interoperability or national ID framework.
  • Capacity: CNIAPGE lacks coordination and training resources.
• Recommendations:
  • Develop a national e-governance strategy; establish interoperability framework.
  • Strengthen CNIAPGE and align education with digital needs.

3. Digital Financial Services

• Progress: Limited DFS adoption; one e-money operator granted license (Muni Dinero).
• Challenges:
  • Market Structure: Banks slow to adopt digital services; high risk aversion.
  • Access: Agent networks limited, especially in rural areas.
  • Data: No national financial inclusion strategy.
• Recommendations:
  • Expand agent networks, implement national financial education strategy.
  • Develop APIs for interoperability between payment systems.

4. Digital Businesses

• Progress: Nascent ecosystem; initiatives like TEG Campus foster innovation.
• Challenges:
  • Access to Finance: Stringent bank loan requirements; lack of venture capital.
  • Infrastructure: Digital skills gap, high costs for devices/capacity.
• Recommendations:
  • Create fintech innovation hub, incentivize private investment.
  • Enhance digital infrastructure availability and affordability.

5. Digital Skills

• Progress: Training programs via IDENTIC; UNICEF supports digital literacy.
• Challenges:
  • Education: Low foundational digital skills in schools; outdated curricula.
  • Workforce: Shortage of STEM professionals; limited access to advanced training.
• Recommendations:
  • Integrate digital skills into curricula; launch nationwide digital literacy campaigns.
  • Expand access to MOOCs and public-private partnerships.

Cross-Cutting Priorities

1. Coordination: Strengthen institutional collaboration under a unified digital strategy.
2. Data: Improve data collection across all digital pillars for evidence-based policymaking.
3. Gender & Inequality: Address island-continental and gender divides in digital access.

**Quick Wins**:
- Declare international bandwidth market relevant, regulate wholesale prices.
- Expand digital infrastructure coverage via school and rural connectivity plans.
- Compile and publicize legal reforms to streamline governance and incentives framework.