2025-05-06-IMF-加强尼日尔的治理_进展_挑战和政策优先事项（英）_15页_2mb

This report analyzes governance in Niger, focusing on recent developments since the 2023 military takeover and their impact on economic growth and development. Niger, a low-income, conflict-affected state, has seen significant governance challenges exacerbated by the change in authority. Key findings include widespread corruption, with the suspension of the Constitution and dissolution of the Supreme Audit Institution raising concerns about transparency and rule of law. Anti-corruption efforts are ongoing, but new authorities lack a robust legislative foundation, and transparency in public procurement, especially for defense spending, has regressed.

The paper highlights that despite authorities' commitment to governance improvements as part of their Resilience Program, third-party indicators show deterioration in areas like fiscal transparency and rule of law. Recommendations emphasize the need for continuous reforms, strengthen institutional independence, and utilize tools like the upcoming governance diagnostic assessment to accelerate progress.

Introduction: Niger's governance weaknesses, including corruption and weak rule of law, hinder economic growth. The 2023 military takeover led to constitutional suspension and dissolution of key institutions, negatively impacting anti-corruption and fiscal transparency efforts.

Control of Corruption: Corruption is pervasive, with Niger scoring poorly on international indices. New anti-corruption authority (CoLDEFF) was established but is criticized for limited scope, lack of transparency, and inadequate independence. Efforts to enhance transparency, such as EITI participation, face funding and implementation challenges.

Fiscal Governance: Progress has been made in budget transparency and audits, but setbacks include the dissolution of the Supreme Audit Institution, disrupting recommendations and procurement processes. Defense procurement remains secretive, undermining fiscal accountability.

Rule of Law: Governance and judicial independence have deteriorated significantly. Institutions like the judiciary face executive interference, leading to a decline in rule of law indices. Transitional dialogue aims to restore constitutional order, but indicators show persistent weaknesses.

AML/CFT: Niger lacks strategic deficiencies in its anti-money laundering framework but faces implementation gaps. Authorities are transposing regional laws, but institutional weaknesses and capacity constraints persist, requiring enhanced oversight.

Conclusions: Governance and corruption remain major obstacles to economic development. Strengthening institutions, ensuring transparency, and addressing rule of law imperatives are critical for sustained growth. Continuous reform efforts, supported by international assessments, are essential for stability and prosperity in Niger.