2012-12-31-世界卫生组织-2013_GATS_Country_Report_Greece_100页_1mb

Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Greece 2013 Summary

Core Content

The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Greece 2013 is a comprehensive national survey that provides critical data on tobacco use, cessation, secondhand smoke exposure, and related factors among adults aged 15 and older. Conducted by the National School of Public Health and the University of Thessaly, with support from WHO and CDC, the survey aimed to monitor tobacco consumption and control measures, offering a foundation for effective tobacco control strategies in Greece.

Main Objectives

• To collect internationally comparable data on adult tobacco use and control measures.
• To assess the prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco use.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco control policies and interventions.
• To provide insights into public knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding tobacco.

Methodology

• Study Population: Adults aged 15 and older.
• Sampling Design: Multistage geographically clustered sampling.
• Sample Size: 6,600 households, with one individual selected per household, resulting in 4,359 completed interviews (69.6% response rate).
• Data Collection: Electronic data collection using laptop computers.
• Questionnaire: Standardized, covering tobacco use, cessation, secondhand smoke, economics, media, and knowledge/attitudes.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use

• Prevalence: 38.2% of adults in Greece smoke tobacco (51.2% of men, 25.7% of women).
• Hand-Rolled Cigarettes: 15.7% of adults smoke hand-rolled cigarettes, compared to 27.2% who smoke manufactured cigarettes.
• Age Group: Smoking is particularly high among adults aged 25-44 (50.7%).
• Education Level: Smoking is common across all education levels, with the lowest prevalence among those with primary education or less (15.9%).
• Initiation Age: 52.2% of daily smokers initiated daily smoking between 17-19 years, 30.3% before 17.
• Smoking Dependency: 72.2% of current smokers report smoking their first cigarette within 30 minutes of waking up, indicating high dependency.
• Cigarettes Consumed: The average number of cigarettes smoked per day is close to 20, with 24.8% smoking 25 or more per day.

Cessation

• Quit Attempts: Only 18.9% of current smokers made a quit attempt in the last 12 months.
• Quit Plans: 13.9% of current smokers plan to quit within the next 12 months.
• Healthcare Advice: 72.2% of current smokers were advised to quit by a healthcare provider in the last 12 months.
• Cessation Support: Most (93.2%) who attempted to quit did so without assistance, indicating a lack of support systems.

Secondhand Smoke (SHS)

• Public Support: Strong support exists for smoke-free laws, with 73.9% of the population (90.9% of nonsmokers) supporting the law in workplaces.
• Exposure Levels: Despite the laws, exposure to SHS is high in public places, with 7 in 10 exposed in restaurants and 9 in 10 in bars/nightclubs.
• Awareness: 90.6% of respondents noticed health warnings on cigarette packs, but only 15.3% considered quitting due to these warnings.

Media and Marketing

• Cigarette Marketing: Exposure to cigarette marketing is low, with less than 5% of the population noticing it in various media.
• Marketing Channels: The highest exposure is in stores (28.4%), followed by billboards (10.0%) and posters (6.9%).
• Health Warnings: Text warnings are not effective in prompting quit attempts, suggesting the need for stronger health warning strategies.

Economics

• Monthly Expenditure: On average, a current smoker spends 100.4 Euros per month on manufactured cigarettes.
• Cost per Pack: The average cost of a pack of 20 manufactured cigarettes is 3.30 Euros.
• Purchase Source: Kiosks are the most common place of purchase for manufactured cigarettes (approximately 80% of current smokers).

Policy Implications

• The GATS results provide a baseline for monitoring tobacco use and evaluating control measures.
• Greece has implemented smoke-free laws and is part of the WHO FCTC, with strong support for tobacco control policies.
• There is a need to increase cessation support and improve the effectiveness of health warnings.
• Addressing the high prevalence of adult smoking and the social acceptability of tobacco use remains a challenge.
• The survey highlights the importance of continued collaboration between Greece and international organizations like WHO and CDC.

Conclusion

The GATS 2013 survey in Greece has contributed significantly to understanding the scope of tobacco use and the effectiveness of current control measures. Despite Greece's high smoking prevalence and challenges in cessation support, the survey underscores the country's commitment to global tobacco control efforts and provides a foundation for future interventions. The results support the implementation of the WHO MPOWER strategy and highlight the need for continued policy development and public health initiatives.