2012-12-31-世界卫生组织-2013_GATS_Country_Report_Uganda_198页_1mb

GATS Uganda 2013 Summary

Core Content

The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Uganda 2013 is a comprehensive survey that provides nationally representative data on tobacco use, cessation, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, and related economic and media factors. Conducted by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) with technical support from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the survey was funded by the Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use. It aims to support the implementation of the WHO FCTC and the MPOWER policy package, which are key frameworks for global tobacco control.

The survey was conducted in 2013 and is the first standalone tobacco use survey in Uganda. It involved 10,382 households and 8,508 individuals, with an overall response rate of 86.6%, including 91.2% household response and 94.9% individual response. The data is designed to be internationally comparable and is used to inform tobacco control planning and policy development.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use

• 7.9% of Ugandan adults aged 15+ currently use tobacco products (1.3 million).
  • 11.6% of men and 4.6% of women.
• 5.8% (0.96 million) currently smoke (10.3% of men and 1.8% of women).
  • 5.3% (0.88 million) currently smoke cigarettes (9.6% of men and 1.4% of women).
• 2.4% (0.39 million) use smokeless tobacco (1.7% of men and 3.0% of women).
  • Men predominantly use smoked tobacco, while women mostly use smokeless.

Smoking Patterns

• 4.8% (0.8 million) are daily smokers (8.6% of men, 1.3% of women).
• 1% (0.17 million) are occasional smokers (1.6% of men, 0.4% of women).
• 73% of male smokers who ever smoked daily started before age 20.
• 72.3% of current daily tobacco users had their first use within 30 minutes of waking.

Smoking Cessation

• 43.9% of past-year smokers made an attempt to quit in the past 12 months.
• 75.7% of these attempted quitters did so without assistance.
• Only 45.2% of those who visited a healthcare provider received quit advice.
• 63.6% of current smokers plan to or are thinking about quitting.

Secondhand Smoke Exposure

• 20.4% of adults working indoors were exposed to SHS in the workplace.
• 13.1% (2.2 million) of adults were exposed to SHS at home.
  • 8.8% of men and 11% of women.
• 62.3% of adults exposed to public places were exposed to SHS in bars and night clubs.
• 16.0% in restaurants, 7.8% in public transport, and 4.5% in healthcare facilities.

Economic Aspects

• The five most purchased cigarette brands were:
  • Supermatch (44.1%)
  • Sportsman (37.7%)
  • Safari (13.0%)
  • Sweet Menthol (3.6%)
  • Rex (1%)
• Median monthly expenditure on manufactured cigarettes was UGX11,980.
• Average monthly expenditure for current cigarette smokers was UGX20,730.
• The cost of 100 packs of cigarettes as a percentage of GDP was 16.4%.
• 88.2% of Ugandan adults support increasing tobacco taxes.
• 89.3% support a complete ban on tobacco advertising.

Media and Awareness

• 70.6% of Ugandan adults noticed anti-cigarette information in the media.
  • 59.5% of current smokers and 71.3% of non-smokers.
• 31.9% of current smokers thought about quitting due to warning labels.
• 25.4% of adults noticed tobacco advertising in the past 30 days.
  • 29.9% of smokers and 25.1% of non-smokers.
• 25.4% of adults noticed tobacco marketing in the last 30 days, with 29.9% of smokers and 25.1% of non-smokers.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions

• 94.6% of Ugandan adults believe smoking causes serious illness.
  • 87.0% of current smokers and 95.0% of non-smokers.
• 36.3% of current smokers believe smoking can cause stroke.
• 59.0% of non-smokers believe smoking can cause stroke.
• 95.0% of adults believe smoking causes cancer.
• 45.0% of male COPD patients at Mulago Hospital were attributed to tobacco smoking.

Main Viewpoints

• Tobacco use is a major public health concern in Uganda, contributing to preventable deaths and non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
• The prevalence of tobacco use is higher among men than women.
• Smokeless tobacco is more common among women and younger generations.
• Secondhand smoke exposure is widespread, especially in workplaces and public places.
• Public support exists for tobacco control measures such as tax increases and advertising bans.
• Media awareness is high, with a significant portion of the population exposed to anti-tobacco messages.
• Healthcare professionals have limited capacity to provide cessation support.

Key Information

• GATS Uganda 2013 was conducted using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design.
• Electronic handheld devices were used for data collection.
• The survey is aligned with the WHO MPOWER policy package and helps monitor tobacco control implementation.
• Tobacco farming is a major economic activity, but tobacco farmers earn less than 33% of the average household expenditure.
• Tobacco contributes less than 1% to Uganda’s government revenue, despite its high household expenditure share.

Policy Implications and Recommendations

• Regular monitoring of tobacco use is essential for tracking MPOWER implementation.
• 100% smoke-free policies in public places and workplaces can reduce SHS exposure and increase cessation.
• Enhancing cessation support for healthcare providers is needed to improve quit rates.
• Anti-tobacco media campaigns and pictorial health warnings can increase awareness and cessation.
• A total ban on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS), coupled with effective enforcement, can reduce tobacco initiation and increase cessation.
• Increasing tobacco taxes can make products less affordable, thereby encouraging cessation and preventing initiation.

Conclusion

The GATS Uganda 2013 survey provides critical data for understanding the tobacco epidemic in the country. It highlights the prevalence of tobacco use, the impact on health, and the economic and social consequences of tobacco consumption. The survey underscores the need for comprehensive tobacco control policies, enhanced cessation support, and effective media campaigns to reduce tobacco use and its harmful effects.