2022-12-01-亚开行-促进大湄公河次区域电力贸易_制定和实施区域电网规范（英）_128页_3mb

报告摘要

Facilitating Power Trade in the Greater Mekong Subregion: Establishing and Implementing a Regional Grid Code

The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) comprises six countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam, and China's Guangxi/Yunnan) seeking to enhance power trade. The Regional Power Trade Coordination Committee (RPTCC), supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), has developed a Regional Grid Code (RGC) to harmonize technical standards for grid-to-grid power trading, enabling synchronization and efficient resource sharing.

1. Key Objectives and Planning

Goal: Achieve full synchronization of GMS power grids by 2030 to enable regional power trading, reduce costs, and integrate renewable energy.
Roadmap: A four-stage plan includes implementing the RGC (Stage 1), developing interconnections (Stage 2), harmonizing regulations, and establishing a regional market (Stage 3).
Economic Benefits: Grid-to-grid interconnections could save $3–$4 billion, delivering 4–8 times the investment value by reducing generation costs, avoiding new infrastructure, and enabling renewable deployment.

2. Critical Infrastructures

Transmission Networks: Dominated by China's extensive 500kV grid; other countries have developing networks with significant hydropower potential (Laos, Myanmar).
Cross-Border Interconnections: 14 existing lines with 5 GW capacity; planned projects include HVDC and HVAC links (e.g., Laos-Thailand, Myanmar-China).

3. Technical Considerations

Interconnection Options: Use HVAC for short distances (<400 km) and HVDC for longer lines or stability. Asynchronous connections (e.g., HVDC-VSC/VFT tech) enable initial power sharing without full synchronization.
Grid Codes: The RGC covers Connection, Operation, Market, and other codes to standardize rules across member grids. Models are based on ENTSO-e standards but adapted to GMS needs.

4. Implementation Challenges

Institutional Hurdles: Lack of a permanent RPCC facility or legal authority to enforce the RGC. Requires national regulators to adopt amendments to their National Grid Codes (NGCs).
Technical Needs: Comprehensive studies on stability, fault clearance (e.g., 80ms for 500kV lines), and reactive power management.
External Factors: COVID-19 delayed progress. Concerns over national sovereignty, differing NGCs, and transmission costs persist.

5. Recommendations and Progress

Establish an Enforcement Framework: Joint agreements and compliance assessments.
Prioritize Interconnections: Focus on projects like Laos-Thailand-Viet Nam hybrids (EDL-T initiative).
Enhance Stakeholder Engagement: Involving DSOs, IPPs, and international partners via databases and cloud storage.

The GMS process has successfully negotiated technical harmonization but requires sustained political and financial commitment to complete implementation, ensuring transparent and efficient regional power trade.

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