制定基于排放强度的氢定义（英）-90页_6mb

IEA Report Summary: Towards Hydrogen Definitions Based on Their Emissions Intensity

This report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) addresses the development of hydrogen definitions based on emissions intensity and highlights strategies to accelerate the scale-up of hydrogen deployment globally.

Key points:

1. The IEA examines global energy issues and serves as a driver for reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy systems.

2. The ICEA emphasizes that clear hydrogen definitions based on emissions intensity

• Enhances market interoperability
• Limits fragmentation and minimizes investment risks
• Facilitates transparency and robust regulation

3. Hydrogen production routes vary widely in emissions:

• Natural gas (SMR): 10-14 kg CO2-eq/kg H2 (unabated)
• Natural gas with CCS: 0.8-6 kg CO2-eq/kg H2
• Electrolysis (renewable): near zero emissions
• Coal (unabated): 22-26 kg CO2-eq/kg H2

4. By 2050 scenarios:

• IEA NZE Scenario: emissions reduction from 12-13 kg CO2-eq/kg H2 to below 1 kg CO2-eq/kg H2
• APS Scenario: reductions to 2.7-3.0 kg CO2-eq/kg H2

Regulatory consensus on emissions intensity standards is crucial for unlocking investment in international hydrogen supply chains.

A common methodology (IPHE), being developed for an ISO standard, is being promoted for interoperability. G7 members are key players in hydrogen markets and deployment, representing about 40% of global GDP and nearly a quarter of global hydrogen demand.

The IEA recommends establishing an international emissions accounting framework to enable market interoperability and minimize fragmentation as a critical near-term priority for collective action.