【世界银行】在地热项目中实施FPIC利益相关者参与：技术指南-2025.1_159页_5mb

Summary of Implementing FPIC: Stakeholder Engagement in Geothermal Projects

Core Content

These Technical Guidelines (TG) provide a structured approach to implementing Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) in geothermal projects, emphasizing the importance of meaningful stakeholder engagement (SE) to reduce social risks and enhance project outcomes. The guidelines are based on the Participation and Partnership Framework (PPF), which serves as the overarching conceptual framework for FPIC processes. The TG aim to support development practitioners in meeting international and national standards for SE and FPIC, particularly in projects affecting Indigenous Peoples (IP).

Main Views

1. Importance of Stakeholder Engagement

• Stakeholder engagement is essential for identifying vulnerable groups, understanding their needs, and reducing project risks.
• It helps secure a social license to operate and reduces the chances of community resistance or reputational damage.
• In Indonesia, SE is often limited to superficial consultations, which fail to address community-specific concerns and lead to delays or conflicts.
• The World Bank and other IFIs emphasize culturally appropriate engagement, transparency, and grievance redress mechanisms (GRM), which are not always required under national policies like the AMDAL and DPPT.

2. What is FPIC?

• FPIC is a legal and ethical requirement for projects that impact Indigenous Peoples.
• It involves informed, voluntary, and participatory consent from affected communities.
• FPIC is not just a compliance checkbox but a process that requires good faith negotiations (GFN) and community collaboration.
• FPIC is aligned with international standards such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and the World Bank's Environmental and Social Framework (ESF).

3. FPIC Approaches

• Three FPIC approaches are outlined: FPIC-1, FPIC-2, and FPIC-3, depending on the risk level, project complexity, and community characteristics.
• Each approach has minimum requirements and specific governance structures.
• FPIC is not only for IP communities but should be applied where significant community risks exist.

4. Governance Structures

• FPIC requires multi-layered governance involving:
  • Advisory Council (AC)
  • Working Group (WG)/Governing Board (GB)
  • Secretariat
  • Program Committee (PC)
  • FPIC Coordinator
  • Facilitators (FFO, FCLs, FPIC Specialists)
• Local Governments (LG) and Civil Society Organizations (CSO) play a crucial role in the FPIC process.
• The governance structure varies depending on the FPIC approach used.

5. Phases of FPIC Implementation

• Phase One: Negotiating FPIC includes:
  • Scoping visits to understand the project's impact on communities.
  • First round of consultations with stakeholders.
  • Capacity assessments of project staff and community representatives.
  • Development of key FPIC documents such as the Statement of Consent (SC), Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP), and Tripartite Implementation Agreement (TIA).
• Phase Two: Implementing FPIC involves:
  • Monitoring and evaluation of FPIC processes.
  • Reporting and disclosure of project-related information.
  • Establishing a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to address community concerns.

Key Information

1. FPIC-1, FPIC-2, FPIC-3 Approaches

2. FPIC and ESIA Complementarity

• FPIC should be integrated into the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process.
• The ESIA should include community-specific information and be participatory.
• FPIC processes should be legally binding and supported by documents such as the Consent Set of Documents (CSD).

3. Key FPIC Documents

• Statement of Consent (SC): Formal document indicating community consent.
• Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP) / Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP): Outline of measures to mitigate project impacts and support communities.
• Tripartite Implementation Agreement (TIA): Agreement between the project, local government, and community.
• Legacy Issues Document (LID): Addresses pre-existing community tensions and concerns.

4. FPIC Implementation Steps

• Quick launch of IPP/SIMP to maintain momentum.
• Avoid conflicts of interest and ensure transparent communication.
• Embed FPIC in legal processes to enhance legitimacy.
• Address legacy issues early to prevent escalation of community concerns.

5. Importance of Early Engagement

• FPIC should begin early in the project cycle, not just before approval.
• Early engagement ensures community trust, clear communication, and timely resolution of concerns.
• It also helps in securing necessary budget and support from financiers and project stakeholders.

Conclusion

These Technical Guidelines are designed to help practitioners implement FPIC as an enhanced form of stakeholder engagement. By following a structured process, using appropriate governance mechanisms, and integrating FPIC with environmental and social assessments, geothermal projects can reduce social risks, secure community support, and achieve sustainable development outcomes. The guidelines also highlight the importance of capacity-building, good faith negotiations, and ongoing monitoring to ensure FPIC is not just a formality but a meaningful and effective process.