2023年开放数据成熟度（ODM）（英）-152页_8mb

2023 Open Data Maturity Report: Key Trends and Findings

Overview

EU Member States showed significant progress across four dimensions of open data maturity: Policy, Impact, Portal, and Quality. On average, their overall ODM score increased by 4 percentage points to 79%, reflecting a strong upward trajectory over the years. However, gaps remain in measuring impact and ensuring interoperability (specifically high-value datasets). Clusters were identified, ranging from "Beginners" (14–65% maturity) to "Trendsetters" (96–98%), with tailored recommendations for each cluster.

1. Open Data Policy (89%)

• Most Member States (100%) reported having a national open data policy. Leaders like France and Estonia advanced their strategies, integrating high-value datasets and governance structures.
• Challenges: Croatia and Romania lagged due to fragmented governance and low reuse awareness.
• Notable: Slovakia and Latvia improved significantly, with focus on data inventory and reuse incentives.

2. Open Data Impact (77%)

• Impact measures saw the largest year-on-year jump (6 percentage points overall). Countries like Ukraine showcased reuse cases in government, health, and education with innovative tools like OpenDataBot.
• Gaps: Limited systematic reuse measurements and low impact documentation in most countries, except the leading cluster.
• Innovation: Estonia’s open data competitions and Finland’s data literacy initiatives drove engagement.

3. Open Data Portal (85%)

• API usage and metadata compliance improved (e.g., >90% DCAT-AP compliance in 85% of portals). Estonia, Denmark, and France excelled in portal features and user engagement.
• Stagnation: Preview features for tabular/geospatial data plateaued, and quality data remained underutilized.
• Weakness: Slovakia and Bulgaria saw slight declines due to funding and governance issues.

4. Open Data Quality (82%)

• DCAT-AP compliance marked the biggest gain (+4 points overall), with 85% of portals meeting mandatory standards. Leaders like France and Denmark led in structured formats and licenses.
• Deficiencies: URI implementation lagged (<10% use in some countries), and metadata completeness fell short in 15%.

Challenges & Opportunities

• Region-Specific Issues: Eastern European countries face digital infrastructure gaps, while Western nations excel in policy but lag in impact measurement.
• High-Value Datasets: Mandated by the 2023 EU regulation, interoperability challenges persist, requiring harmonized standards.
• Political & Economic Factors: Finland’s war context and Sweden’s regulatory complexity influenced progress.

Recommendations by Cluster

1. Trendsetters (e.g., France, Estonia): Refine impact measurements and foster cross-border data altruism.
2. Fast-Trackers (e.g., Slovenia, Austria): Strengthen local coordination and integrate AI tools for data analysis.
3. Followers (e.g., Belgium, Germany): Scale capacity-building programs and experiment with diverse funding models.
4. Beginners (e.g., Romania, Greece): Prioritize foundational tools and basic policy implementation.

The 2023 report underscores that consistent policy, robust governance, and cross-border collaboration are key to unlocking open data's full societal and economic potential.