2017年儿童死亡率水平与趋势报告（英文版）-2mb

Summary of Levels & Trends in Child Mortality Report (2017)

Core Content

This report, published in 2017 by the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), presents global and regional data on child mortality, focusing on under-five, infant, and neonatal deaths. It highlights the progress made since 1990, the remaining challenges, and the disparities that continue to exist across and within countries.

Main Points

Global Progress in Child Mortality

• The global under-five mortality rate dropped from 93 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 41 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2016, representing a 56% decline.
• Under-five deaths fell from 12.6 million in 1990 to 5.6 million in 2016, which is 15,000 deaths per day.
• Neonatal mortality (deaths in the first 28 days) decreased by 49%, from 37 to 19 deaths per 1,000 live births.
• Infant mortality (deaths in the first year of life) declined by 62%, from 1990 to 2016.

Regional Disparities

• Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia account for 80% of under-five deaths, with Sub-Saharan Africa having the highest mortality rate at 79 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2016.
• High-income countries have an under-five mortality rate of 5.3 deaths per 1,000 live births, compared to 1 in 13 in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Neonatal mortality is also significantly higher in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, with 28 deaths per 1,000 live births, compared to 1 death per 1,000 in Iceland and Japan.

Country-Level Variations

• The under-five mortality rate ranged from 2 deaths per 1,000 live births (Australia and New Zealand) to 133 deaths per 1,000 live births (some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa).
• Fragile states account for 22% of under-five deaths among low- and middle-income countries, but only 12% of the under-five population.
• Gender disparities in child mortality have decreased, with 11 countries still showing significant differences between male and female child mortality rates.

SDG Targets and Projections

• The SDG target for under-five mortality is 25 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2030.
• 116 countries already meet this target, while 52 countries need to accelerate progress.
• If current trends continue, 60 million children under 5 will die between 2017 and 2030, with half of them being newborns.
• If all countries achieve the SDG target by 2030, 10 million additional lives could be saved.

Key Causes of Child Mortality

• Most under-five deaths are caused by preventable and treatable diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malaria.
• Malnutrition and unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene are major contributing factors.
• Neonatal complications account for 46% of under-five deaths, increasing from 41% in 2000.
• For children aged 5–14, the mortality rate is 7.5 deaths per 1,000 children aged 5, with communicable diseases being less prevalent than among younger children.

Key Information

• The report includes estimates for under-five, infant, and neonatal mortality up to 2016.
• Newborn deaths are 7,000 per day, with most deaths occurring within the first week of life.
• Disparities persist both within and across countries, with the poorest households bearing a twice higher mortality rate than the wealthiest.
• Country consultations were used to generate estimates, but they are not official statistics of United Nations Member States.
• Technical Advisory Group and supporting organizations such as USAID and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation played a critical role in the development of the report.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes that while substantial progress has been made in reducing child mortality, inequities and gaps remain, particularly in low-income and fragile countries. Accelerated efforts are needed to meet the SDG targets and to ensure that all children have equal chances of survival, regardless of their birthplace or socioeconomic status.